Table 1 Circular economy definitions... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Circular economy definitions

Authors	Definition
Yuan et al. (2006)	Although there is no commonly accepted definition of CE so far, CE's core is the circular (closed) flow of materials and the use of raw materials and energy through multiple phases
Ellen Macarthur Foundation (2013)	An industrial system that is restorative or regenerative by intention and design
Tse et al. (2015)	[…] represents a paradigm from which waste is transformed into resources through reuse of recreation and an economic gain in resource efficiency and industrial transformation […]
Geisendorf and Pietrulla (2018)	A system in which the value of products and materials is maintained, waste is avoided, and resources are held in that system when the product reaches its end of life

Authors	Definition
Yuan et al. (2006)	Although there is no commonly accepted definition of CE so far, CE's core is the circular (closed) flow of materials and the use of raw materials and energy through multiple phases
Ellen Macarthur Foundation (2013)	An industrial system that is restorative or regenerative by intention and design
Tse et al. (2015)	[…] represents a paradigm from which waste is transformed into resources through reuse of recreation and an economic gain in resource efficiency and industrial transformation […]
Geisendorf and Pietrulla (2018)	A system in which the value of products and materials is maintained, waste is avoided, and resources are held in that system when the product reaches its end of life

Source(s): Yuan et al. (2006), Ellen Macarthur Foundation (2013), Tse et al. (2015), Geisendorf and Pietrulla (2018)