Coding scheme
| TCE theoretical dimension | Analytical subcategories | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Blockchain benefits | Integration | Blockchain technology addresses the lack of integration between the current entities of the Egyptian supply chains |
| Communication | Blockchain technology provides better communication with partners across the supply chain | |
| Transparency | In the blockchain, data regarding the medications' status is collected. Transparency throughout the supply chain makes detecting mistakes and those responsible for solving them more manageable | |
| Opportunism | Counterfeit drugs | Blockchain technology helps medical firms to decrease medicine fraud risks |
| Privacy concerns | Some companies still fear putting their information online – the threat of hacking by actors having superior control over the network | |
| Uncertainty | Legal situation | The legal situation is still relatively uncertain. Blockchain systems, therefore, require a legal framework |
| Network security | Decentralized systems feature a higher level of network failure security given by the large number of nodes storing data | |
| Bounded rationality | Lack of trust | The blockchain's privacy model based solely on anonymity may result in a loss of trust, fearing that their identity will be uncovered |
| Change resistance | The employee culture may hamper the implementation of the technology | |
| ex ante costs | Setup costs | Blockchain systems require high initial costs for implementation, particularly when current systems are incompatible |
| Contracting costs | Blockchain may reduce contracting costs through a trustless environment and smart contracts | |
| Ex-post costs | Running costs | With a scalable system, the more data it stores, the more it requires storage and speed |
| Control cost | Increasing the control over the firms' supply chain activities ensures the safe delivery of medication by monitoring the specific requirements of the medications regarding temperature and other aspects. In this vein, blockchain may help to decrease control costs | |
| Information asymmetries | Visibility | Blockchain technology provides firms with more visibility across their supply chains |
| Immutability | Blockchain technology provides authentic data that cannot be adjusted or altered |
| TCE theoretical dimension | Analytical subcategories | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Blockchain benefits | Integration | Blockchain technology addresses the lack of integration between the current entities of the Egyptian supply chains |
| Communication | Blockchain technology provides better communication with partners across the supply chain | |
| Transparency | In the blockchain, data regarding the medications' status is collected. Transparency throughout the supply chain makes detecting mistakes and those responsible for solving them more manageable | |
| Opportunism | Counterfeit drugs | Blockchain technology helps medical firms to decrease medicine fraud risks |
| Privacy concerns | Some companies still fear putting their information online – the threat of hacking by actors having superior control over the network | |
| Uncertainty | Legal situation | The legal situation is still relatively uncertain. Blockchain systems, therefore, require a legal framework |
| Network security | Decentralized systems feature a higher level of network failure security given by the large number of nodes storing data | |
| Bounded rationality | Lack of trust | The blockchain's privacy model based solely on anonymity may result in a loss of trust, fearing that their identity will be uncovered |
| Change resistance | The employee culture may hamper the implementation of the technology | |
| Setup costs | Blockchain systems require high initial costs for implementation, particularly when current systems are incompatible | |
| Contracting costs | Blockchain may reduce contracting costs through a trustless environment and smart contracts | |
| Ex-post costs | Running costs | With a scalable system, the more data it stores, the more it requires storage and speed |
| Control cost | Increasing the control over the firms' supply chain activities ensures the safe delivery of medication by monitoring the specific requirements of the medications regarding temperature and other aspects. In this vein, blockchain may help to decrease control costs | |
| Information asymmetries | Visibility | Blockchain technology provides firms with more visibility across their supply chains |
| Immutability | Blockchain technology provides authentic data that cannot be adjusted or altered |
Source(s): Authors own work
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