Table 6 Frequency and sample quotes from...

Table 6

Frequency and sample quotes from participants’ comments showing higher-level themes between the three groups

Themes/Principles	ICT policy group 1	Ethical principle group 2	Control group 3
Unethical/misconduct Non-Maleficence; Justice	19 comments. Example: “the software is pirated and therefore unethical/could be constituted as a misconduct”	15 comments. Example: “it was unethical to use someone’s equipment and possibly damage university services and recourses”	27 comments. Example: “using university Wi-Fi for personal use and is unethical”
Breach of consent Autonomy	33 comments. Example: “exploitation of obtaining the private information of other students without their consent”	50 comments. Example: “sharing private info without consent is not right”	50 comments. Example: “someone else’s USB should not be used without their consent”
Invasion of privacy Non-Maleficence; autonomy	30 comments. Example: “breached someone’s privacy of looking at their USB”	26 comments. Example: “This is a major breach of privacy and those emails may be highly unwanted by many students”	24 comments. Example: “It is an invasion of privacy as none of the classmates have given their permission”
Non-beneficial, causing harm, and potential risk Non-Maleficence Beneficence	4 comments. Example: “beneficial in study and not causing harm”	12 comments. Example: “university IT services is there to help support students for educational purposes and it should not often be utilised to benefit”	8 comments. Example: “could harm future students using the same computers”
Piracy is illegal Justice	17 comments. Example: “pirated software sounds illegal”	23 comments. Example: “Should not use pirated software, this is illegal”	22 comments. Example: “Pirating stuff is illegal and 3rd party software can be malicious”
Against the norms of university and IT-policy Justice beneficence	7 comments. Example: “commercial benefit is against the IT policy”	7 comments. Example: “personal use of wifi connection in their codes of conduct then i dont see the problem”	11 comments. Example: “using pirated software for assessments should is breach of academic policy”
Dishonesty and theft Justice; beneficence	0 comments*	0 comments*	8 comments. Example: “dishonesty and unethical because student not should builds and tests the website on University servers for their own personal benefit”
Infringing/copyright laws Justice	7 comments. Example: “They cannot use the university software because of the copyright belong to university”	1 comment. Example: “as it is pirate content, the university may be liable for penalties as they are breaking the copyright law”	0 comments*
Authorised use only Autonomy	4 comments. Example: “University IT services are for authorised use only”	2 comments. Example: “authorised the third party downloads, is ok”	0 comments*

Themes/Principles	ICT policy group 1	Ethical principle group 2	Control group 3
Unethical/misconduct Non-Maleficence; Justice	19 comments. Example: “the software is pirated and therefore unethical/could be constituted as a misconduct”	15 comments. Example: “it was unethical to use someone’s equipment and possibly damage university services and recourses”	27 comments. Example: “using university Wi-Fi for personal use and is unethical”
Breach of consentAutonomy	33 comments. Example: “exploitation of obtaining the private information of other students without their consent”	50 comments. Example: “sharing private info without consent is not right”	50 comments. Example: “someone else’s USB should not be used without their consent”
Invasion of privacy Non-Maleficence; autonomy	30 comments. Example: “breached someone’s privacy of looking at their USB”	26 comments. Example: “This is a major breach of privacy and those emails may be highly unwanted by many students”	24 comments. Example: “It is an invasion of privacy as none of the classmates have given their permission”
Non-beneficial, causing harm, and potential risk Non-Maleficence Beneficence	4 comments. Example: “beneficial in study and not causing harm”	12 comments. Example: “university IT services is there to help support students for educational purposes and it should not often be utilised to benefit”	8 comments. Example: “could harm future students using the same computers”
Piracy is illegal Justice	17 comments. Example: “pirated software sounds illegal”	23 comments. Example: “Should not use pirated software, this is illegal”	22 comments. Example: “Pirating stuff is illegal and 3rd party software can be malicious”
Against the norms of university and IT-policyJusticebeneficence	7 comments. Example: “commercial benefit is against the IT policy”	7 comments. Example: “personal use of wifi connection in their codes of conduct then i dont see the problem”	11 comments. Example: “using pirated software for assessments should is breach of academic policy”
Dishonesty and theft Justice; beneficence	0 comments*	0 comments*	8 comments. Example: “dishonesty and unethical because student not should builds and tests the website on University servers for their own personal benefit”
Infringing/copyright laws Justice	7 comments. Example: “They cannot use the university software because of the copyright belong to university”	1 comment. Example: “as it is pirate content, the university may be liable for penalties as they are breaking the copyright law”	0 comments*
Authorised use only Autonomy	4 comments. Example: “University IT services are for authorised use only”	2 comments. Example: “authorised the third party downloads, is ok”	0 comments*

Note(s): Numbers represent the number of times this theme was mentioned in the comments given by students *The themes with 0 comments are listed because the theme was not mentioned by participants in the given group/s

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