Table 4.

MG, PMG and DFE estimators: empirical results

 GDP per capita (dependent variable)
VariablesMGPMGDFE
Long-run coefficients     
ln(FDI)−0.0417 (0.9540) 0.0141 (0.9320) 0.0851 (0.6790)
ln(TR)0.5424 (0.2270) 0.1496 (0.4127) 0.3180*** (0.0680)
ODA7.4358 (0.2670) 0.0017 (0.8154) −0.0106 (0.7410)
Hausman test1.25 (0.7404) 0.57 (0.9041) 
ECM−0.8375* −0.8907* −0.8897*
Phi(0.0000) (0.0000) (0.0000)
Short-run coefficients     
Dln(FDI)−2.8971* (0.0060) −2.3785* (0.0041) −1.4197* (0.0000)
Dln(TR)−2.1892* (0.0040) −1.6741** (0.0250) −1.3900* (0.0000)
D(ODA)−7.1798 (0.1970) −8.5894 (0.1170) −0.0452 (0.1340)
Constante2.6892 (0.1410) 1.7444* (0.0000) 1.8983* (0.0000)

Note:

*, ** and *** indicates the significance at 1%, 5% and 10%

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