Table 1

Risks and recommendations emerging from the analysis

Risks for employeesRisks for organizations
Operationalizing bias and discriminationEthics as a point of risk for PA projects
Psychological or social profiling
Behavior shaping
Reducing performance/people to numbers
Creating inconvenience or income insecurity
Threatening privacy or autonomy through tracking and surveillance
Recommendations
Transparency and fairness
Legal compliance
Ethical guidelines and charters
Proportionality and protection
Data rights and consent
Inclusion of stakeholders
People skills and culture
Evaluation
Ethical business models

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