Table 1 Description of the variables... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Description of the variables used in the study and the sources

Abbreviation	Variable description	Source
ACS	ICT access: $[\begin{array}{l} (Fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants \times \frac{1}{5}) + \\ (Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants \times \frac{1}{5}) + \\ (International internet bandwidth bits per second per internet user \times \frac{1}{5}) + \\ (Percentage of households with a computer \times \frac{1}{5}) + (Percentage of households with intenet access \times \frac{1}{5}) \end{array}]$	ITU database
DIGSK	Digital skill: $[\begin{array}{l} (Percentage of individuals using the internet \times \frac{1}{3}) + (Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants \times \frac{1}{3}) + \\ (Active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants \times \frac{1}{3}) \end{array}]$
EDU	Education: $[(Composite of mean years of schooling \times \frac{1}{3}) + (Secondary gross enrolment ratio \times \frac{1}{3}) + (Tertiary gross enrolment ratio \times \frac{1}{3})]$
GNI	Gross national income (per capita)	World Development Indicators, World Bank
POP	Natural logarithm of total population in a country
URBAN	Urban population as a percentage of total population
PVTCRD	Domestic credit to private sector as a percentage of GDP
OPEN	Merchandise trade (import and export) as a percentage

Abbreviation	Variable description	Source
ACS	ICT access: $[\begin{array}{l} (Fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants \times \frac{1}{5}) + \\ (Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants \times \frac{1}{5}) + \\ (International internet bandwidth bits per second per internet user \times \frac{1}{5}) + \\ (Percentage of households with a computer \times \frac{1}{5}) + (Percentage of households with intenet access \times \frac{1}{5}) \end{array}]$	ITU database
DIGSK	Digital skill: $[\begin{array}{l} (Percentage of individuals using the internet \times \frac{1}{3}) + (Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants \times \frac{1}{3}) + \\ (Active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants \times \frac{1}{3}) \end{array}]$
EDU	Education: $[(Composite of mean years of schooling \times \frac{1}{3}) + (Secondary gross enrolment ratio \times \frac{1}{3}) + (Tertiary gross enrolment ratio \times \frac{1}{3})]$
GNI	Gross national income (per capita)	World Development Indicators, World Bank
POP	Natural logarithm of total population in a country
URBAN	Urban population as a percentage of total population
PVTCRD	Domestic credit to private sector as a percentage of GDP
OPEN	Merchandise trade (import and export) as a percentage

Source(s): Author's own compilation