Table I.

Transcription norms

OccurrenceDescriptionSignsExamples
Doubts and assumptionsIt is common not to understand parts of speech. In this case, the place is marked with parentheses, having two options: (a) indicate them with the expression “incomprehensible” or (b) write in them what the transcriber think to have heard( )Interviewee: There is the (impact). There are in my view three important impacts
Sudden truncationsWhen an interviewee cuts a unit, it is possible mark the suit with a bar/Interviewee: So, we have here sev/85 per cent preservation
Emphasis or strong accentWhen a syllable or a word is pronounced with emphasis or accent stronger than usual, the fact is written in uppercaseUPPERCASEInterviewee: The customer, in turn, when he goes to buy, he asks for ALL of this documentation before closing the deal
Reviews from the AnalystTo comment something that occurs, double parentheses are used at the occurrence moment or just before the segment to which it refers(( ))Interviewee: ((hesitates to answer the question)) See … What … it was said very long ago that it was impacting on the region in question
Pause filled, hesitation or attention signalsBasically there are reproductions of sounds whose spelling is much discussed, but some are more or less clear, like: “hm” and several others Interviewee: Later, it goes to (incomprehensible)… That's the preview, then comes ah … ah… are three licenses
Source: Elaborated by the authors from the compilation of information present in Marcuschi (2007) 

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