Table 3. Summary of statistics for... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3.

Summary of statistics for companies according to R&D investments

Variables	(1) With R&D		(2) Without R&D		(3) Difference in means
Variables	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Diff.	t-test
Product innovation	0.6025	0.4904	0.1868	0.3901	0.4157	>0.0000***
Service innovation	0.0984	0.2984	0.0792	0.2704	0.0191	0.3945
Process innovation – Production method	0.7090	0.4551	0.5604	0.4968	0.1486	>0.0000***
Process innovation – Logistic method	0.2951	0.4570	0.2113	0.4086	0.0838	0.0148**
Process innovation – Acquisition of machinery	0.3525	0.4787	0.2509	0.4340	0.1015	0.0050***
Organizational innovation	0.2992	0.4588	0.1981	0.3990	0.1011	0.0032***
Marketing innovation	0.2663	0.4429	0.1490	0.3564	0.1173	0.0003
Size (Workers)	618.0943	1,509.3185	197.0472	402.7536	421.0471	>0.0000***
Age	29.2623	19.0968	21.8038	14.8379	7.4585	>0.0000***

Variables	(1)With R&D		(2)Without R&D		(3)Difference in means
Variables	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Diff.	t-test
Product innovation	0.6025	0.4904	0.1868	0.3901	0.4157	>0.0000***
Service innovation	0.0984	0.2984	0.0792	0.2704	0.0191	0.3945
Process innovation – Production method	0.7090	0.4551	0.5604	0.4968	0.1486	>0.0000***
Process innovation – Logistic method	0.2951	0.4570	0.2113	0.4086	0.0838	0.0148**
Process innovation – Acquisition of machinery	0.3525	0.4787	0.2509	0.4340	0.1015	0.0050***
Organizational innovation	0.2992	0.4588	0.1981	0.3990	0.1011	0.0032***
Marketing innovation	0.2663	0.4429	0.1490	0.3564	0.1173	0.0003
Size (Workers)	618.0943	1,509.3185	197.0472	402.7536	421.0471	>0.0000***
Age	29.2623	19.0968	21.8038	14.8379	7.4585	>0.0000***

Source: Own elaboration