ADF unit-root tests [1]
| Variables at level | t(ADF) | p-value | Variables at first difference | t(ADF) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LGC(1) | −2.913744 | 0.1661 | DLGC(0) | −10.11869*** | 0.0000 |
| LGDP(1) | −1.670099 | 0.7516 | DLGDP(0) | −4.635649*** | 0.0023 |
| LP(4) | 0.074494 | 0.9963 | DLP(10) | −4.272665*** | 0.0075 |
| LGCGDP(4) | −3.274044* | 0.0816 | DLGCGDP(1) | −4.571061*** | 0.0029 |
| LGDPP(1) | −2.076764 | 0.5473 | DLGDPP(0) | −4.616827*** | 0.0025 |
| LGCP(0) | −3.060362 | 0.1255 | DLGCP(0) | −10.14214*** | 0.0000 |
| Variables at level | Variables at first difference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| −2.913744 | 0.1661 | −10.11869 | 0.0000 | ||
| −1.670099 | 0.7516 | −4.635649 | 0.0023 | ||
| 0.074494 | 0.9963 | −4.272665 | 0.0075 | ||
| −3.274044 | 0.0816 | −4.571061 | 0.0029 | ||
| −2.076764 | 0.5473 | −4.616827 | 0.0025 | ||
| −3.060362 | 0.1255 | −10.14214 | 0.0000 |
Notes:
***Indicates rejection of the null hypothesis of the variables having a unit root at a level of significance of 1%;
**at a 5% level of significance and
*at 10% level of significance
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