Estimated annual production potential (PP), annual embodied energy (AEE) and total annual energy production (TAEP) of a solar power system with an efficiency of η=0.15 for typology A in different climatic contexts
| A | AF | PV | I | η | PP | AEE | TAEP | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | Surface | (m²) | (−) | (m²) | (kWh/m²a) | (−) | (kWh/a) | (kWh/a) | (kWh/m²UFA∙a) |
| Typology A | |||||||||
| Helsinki | Facade SW | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 501 | 0.15 | 71,806 | 24,843 | 2.1 |
| Facade SE | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 487 | 0.15 | 69,799 | 24,843 | 2.0 | |
| Roof | 1,250 | 0.75 | 938 | 942 | 0.15 | 132,469 | 24,375 | 4.8 | |
| Total | 7,620 | 2,849 | 274,074 | 74,061 | 9.0 | ||||
| Dublin | Facade SW | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 467 | 0.15 | 66,933 | 24,843 | 1.9 |
| Facade SE | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 448 | 0.15 | 64,210 | 24,843 | 1.8 | |
| Roof | 1,250 | 0.75 | 938 | 940 | 0.15 | 132,188 | 24,375 | 4.8 | |
| Total | 7,620 | 2,849 | 263,330 | 74,061 | 8.5 | ||||
| Vienna | Facade SW | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 559 | 0.15 | 80,119 | 24,843 | 2.5 |
| Facade SE | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 565 | 0.15 | 80,979 | 24,843 | 2.5 | |
| Roof | 1,250 | 0.75 | 938 | 1,127 | 0.15 | 158,484 | 24,375 | 6.0 | |
| Total | 7,620 | 2,849 | 319,582 | 74,061 | 11.0 | ||||
| Athens | Facade SW | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 773 | 0.15 | 110,790 | 24,843 | 3.9 |
| Facade SE | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 782 | 0.15 | 112,080 | 24,843 | 3.9 | |
| Roof | 1,250 | 0.75 | 938 | 1,653 | 0.15 | 232,453 | 24,375 | 9.3 | |
| Total | 7,620 | 2,849 | 455,324 | 74,061 | 17.1 | ||||
| A | AF | PV | I | PP | AEE | TAEP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | Surface | ( | (−) | ( | (kWh/m²a) | (−) | (kWh/a) | (kWh/a) | (kWh/m²UFA∙a) |
| Helsinki | Facade SW | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 501 | 0.15 | 71,806 | 24,843 | 2.1 |
| Facade SE | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 487 | 0.15 | 69,799 | 24,843 | 2.0 | |
| Roof | 1,250 | 0.75 | 938 | 942 | 0.15 | 132,469 | 24,375 | 4.8 | |
| Total | 7,620 | 2,849 | 274,074 | 74,061 | |||||
| Dublin | Facade SW | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 467 | 0.15 | 66,933 | 24,843 | 1.9 |
| Facade SE | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 448 | 0.15 | 64,210 | 24,843 | 1.8 | |
| Roof | 1,250 | 0.75 | 938 | 940 | 0.15 | 132,188 | 24,375 | 4.8 | |
| Total | 7,620 | 2,849 | 263,330 | 74,061 | |||||
| Vienna | Facade SW | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 559 | 0.15 | 80,119 | 24,843 | 2.5 |
| Facade SE | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 565 | 0.15 | 80,979 | 24,843 | 2.5 | |
| Roof | 1,250 | 0.75 | 938 | 1,127 | 0.15 | 158,484 | 24,375 | 6.0 | |
| Total | 7,620 | 2,849 | 319,582 | 74,061 | |||||
| Athens | Facade SW | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 773 | 0.15 | 110,790 | 24,843 | 3.9 |
| Facade SE | 3,185 | 0.30 | 956 | 782 | 0.15 | 112,080 | 24,843 | 3.9 | |
| Roof | 1,250 | 0.75 | 938 | 1,653 | 0.15 | 232,453 | 24,375 | 9.3 | |
| Total | 7,620 | 2,849 | 455,324 | 74,061 | |||||
Notes: The area of photovoltaic panels (PV) is the product of the surface area (SA) of the considered building surface and the area factor (AF). The annual production potential (PP) is the product of the annual solar irradiation (I) and the efficiency factor (η). The total annual energy production (TAEP) is the annual production potential (PP) minus the annual embodied energy (AEE) divided by the usable floor area (UFA) of the building. Italic values represent the total TAEP of all investigated building surfaces and are factored into the calculation of the EEED (see Table XIX)
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