The value hill

Achterberg et al. (2016)

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Canvas on which activities, partners and products are placed based on the lifecycle phase of a product. Designers can select from several circular design, supply chain and business model strategies to develop their design

Framework for sust. business model innovation

Antikainen and Valkokari (2016)

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Business model canvas extended with the parameters “business ecosystem” and “sustainability impact"

Products that last–framework

Bakker et al. (2014)

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Framework links circular business model archetypes and circular design strategies, offering some examples

Product req., guidelines and business for CE

Balkenende and Bakker (2015)

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A set of circular product requirements, design guidelines and supporting business model considerations

Circular design framework

Bocken et al. (2016)

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Framework links circular business model archetypes and circular design strategies, offering some examples

Circular design guide

Ellen MacArthur Foundation and IDEO (2017)

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An website with a wide variety of design methods (activities or workshops), design canvasses, circular design strategies and circular case examples to aid designers in developing and realizing a circular technical and business model

ReSOLVE framework

Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2015)

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Framework which translates the three principles of the CE into 6 business actions which can support development of circular technical and business models: Regenerate, Share, Optimise, Loop, Virtualise and Exchange

New framework on circular design

Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2013)

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A concise framework introducing parameters to consider when developing a circular supply chain: the wasted resource flows, value creation potential, possible barriers and execution

Circular economy toolkit

Evans and Bocken (2014) Evans and Bocken (2013)

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Website which offers circular technical and business model strategies per lifecycle phase of the product; concrete examples are provided to illustrate strategies

10 steps to create a circular business model

Fischer and Achterberg (2016)

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A practical, 10 stepped, circular-business-model design framework

Design for demand

Forum for the Future and Novelis (n.d.)

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A website which takes users in 5 steps through the design process: introduction of CE, materials, solutions (introducing 6 design strategies), strategies (proposing 3 design-business model architypes), “design brief generator”

Circular business model toolkit

Forum for the Future and Unilever (n.d.)

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Toolkit based on “circular-" “and “enabling” business model’ architypes; the toolkit provides examples of the architypes

Circular building matrix and new-stepped strategy

Geldermans (2016)

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Framework in which the building is unraveled into system elements within a “Building inventory matrix” and circular re-loop potential is mapped. The accompanying “New-stepped strategy" provides circular design strategies

Circular design checklist

Gerritsen (2015)

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An extensive checklist, containing technical design criteria with specified design options

Design framework

Gispen (n.d.)

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A framework for circular products design, containing technical and industrial model parameters and (some) design options

Speedcycle

Goldsworthy (2017)

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The speedcylce supports design for different speeds within a products lifecycle, based on 4 parameters: material, production, use and recovery. Several archetypes, are introduced as examples

C3 Business model canvas

Hofmann et al. (2017)

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Business model canvas which situates: the economic dimension (8 components of the business model canvas), within the social dimension (key stakeholders), within the ecological dimension (i.e. environmental inputs, output, impact)

Guided choices towards a circular business model

Joustra et al. (2013)

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A practical guide to develop a circular business model, including 5 steps: introduction in CE, review of partners, product (re)design, service (re)design and business model calculation

Collaboration tool for CE in the building sector

Leising et al. (2018)

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The tool describes 5 phases for forming a circular supply chain collaboration for the realization of a circular building project; each step specifies serval strategies and the expected outcome

Circular business model canvas

Lewandowski (2016)

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Business model canvas extended with the parameters “take-back systems” and “adoption factors”

CE Business model options, patterns and design strategies

Lüdeke-Freund et al. (2018)

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Circular business model design options, 6 business model architypes and supporting circular design strategies

Business cycle canvas

Mentink (2014)

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Business model canvas adapted to fit the “Butterfly diagram” of EMF (2013), allowing the alignment of business models in the entire supply chain

Multiple loop life-cycle design frame

Mestre and Cooper (2017)

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A multiple-loop, life-cycle framework to support circular product design. The framework links the life cycle phases with design strategies to: slow the loop, close the loop, bio-inspired loops and bio-based loops

BECE framework

Mendoza et al. (2017) and Heyes et al. (2018)

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The BECE framework offers a 10-step, circular guide for business innovations: it links business model planning–through back-casting and the business model canvas–with (eco)design using the ReSOLVE checklist

Circular design framework

Moreno et al. (2016)

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A framework which links business model archetypes and circular design strategies (from a DfX inventory). The framework includes 5 (abstract) design guidelines

Circular business model framework

Nussholz (2017)

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Business model canvas which systematically integrates lifecycle value management: the 9 building blocks of the business model canvas are offset to three circular lifecycle points (i.e. resource recovery, prolong lifespan and end-of-life)

Circular strategies embedded in the business model canvas

Nußholz (2017)

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Business model canvas thought from the “applied circular strategy" of each business model parameter

Sustainability qualifying criteria for circular BM

De Pádua Pieroni et al. (2018)

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Qualifying criteria which can serve as a checklist in the development of circular business models

Design framework

Poppelaars (2014)

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An extensive list of guidelines for circular product design, containing various design options

Circular transition framework for business model innovation towards a CE

Scheepens et al. (2016)

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A design canvas which considers different system levels, stakeholder networks, value capturing, effects of regulatory drivers and the four life-cycle stages of products: production, marketing, operation and end-of life

Sustainable business model canvas

Sempels (2014)

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Business model canvas which adds the parameters: mental grasp, drivers of productivity, positive and negative externalities. The added parameters seem focused more on assessing and enabling

Design tools for a circular economy

The Great Recovery and RSA (2013)

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The tool offers 4 main circular archetypes which describe the technical, industrial and business model; the tool is complemented with examples and experiences from disassembly and design workshops

Closing the loop by design: a practical guide

Toxopeus et al. (2018)

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Web-based tool with coherent set of design guidelines, customised to the level of expertise of designer; strategies are supported with illustrations and examples

Circular pathfinder

van Dam et al. (2017)

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An online guide that asks a maximum of ten product-related questions (based on design parameters), after which it recommends circular design strategies and case examples

Circular design framework

van den Berg and Bakker (2015)

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An product design framework with extensive circular design strategies and options

Circular board

WIITHAA (n.d.)

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Business model canvas game specifying the parameters to circular economy terms (e.g. natural and technical key resources). Positive and negative impacts are added as parameters