In transliterating Arabic forms, the following reading conventions are used:
| ʔ | (ء) | Glottal stop |
| ħ | (ح) | Voiceless pharyngeal fricative |
| x | (خ) | Voiceless uvular fricative |
| ş | (ص) | Emphatic voiceless alveolar fricative |
| ţ | (ط) | Emphatic voiceless denti-alveolar plosive |
| ḍ | (ض) | Emphatic voiced denti-alveolar plosive |
| ḏ | (ظ) | Emphatic voiced interdental fricative |
| ġ | (غ) | Voiced uvular fricative |
| ʕ | (ع) | Voiced pharyngeal fricative |
| q | (ق) | Voiceless uvular plosive |
| š | (ش) | Voiceless palatal fricative |
| j | (ج) | Voiced lamino-palatal affricate |
| (ء) | Glottal stop | |
| (ح) | Voiceless pharyngeal fricative | |
| (خ) | Voiceless uvular fricative | |
| (ص) | Emphatic voiceless alveolar fricative | |
| (ط) | Emphatic voiceless denti-alveolar plosive | |
| (ض) | Emphatic voiced denti-alveolar plosive | |
| (ظ) | Emphatic voiced interdental fricative | |
| (غ) | Voiced uvular fricative | |
| (ع) | Voiced pharyngeal fricative | |
| (ق) | Voiceless uvular plosive | |
| (ش) | Voiceless palatal fricative | |
| (ج) | Voiced lamino-palatal affricate |
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