Table II. Description of variables... | Emerald Publishing

Table II.

Description of variables

Variable	Definition
Q-period	Dependent variable in the probit model 1 if the chain has at least one certified hotel from 2005 to 2013, 0 otherwise
Trend	Dependent variable in second stage Slope (b_i) of the least squares line in the regression analysis: QI_it = a + b_i t + e_it where: QI_it = proportion of hotels of the chain i that are certified in the period t a = intercept b_i = slope estimated for hotel chain i t = time variable (from 2005 = 0 to 2013 = 8) e_it = residual term
Size	Logarithm of the total number of hotels
Urban	Percentage of hotels located in urban destinations: capital of the province (and its metropolitan area) and settlements with more than 50,000 inhabitants
Category	Average star category weighted by the number of rooms in each category
Cat_squared	Squared-category
Foreign	Fs: Proxy for the proportion of foreign customers of the hotel chain s: $Fs = Σ ({PF}_{r} \times \frac{X s r}{X s})$ where: PF_r: proportion of foreign tourists in Autonomous Community r Xsr: number of hotels owned by chain (s) in Autonomous Community (r) Xs: number of hotels owned by chain (s) in Spain
Regional	Rs: Proxy for the proportion of regional customers of the hotel chain s: $Rs = Σ ({PR}_{r} \times \frac{X s r}{X s})$ where: PR_r: proportion of regional tourists in Autonomous Community r Xsr: number of hotels owned by chain (s) in Autonomous Community (r) Xs: number of hotels owned by chain (s) in Spain
Concentration	Location coefficient (LCs): 0 ≤ LCs ≤ 1 $LCs = Σ \frac{1}{2} \| \frac{X s r}{X s} - \frac{X r}{X} \|$ where: Xsr: number of hotels owned by chain (s) in Autonomous Community (r) Xs: number of hotels owned by chain (s) in Spain Xr: number of hotels in Autonomous Community (r) (number of hotels owned by all chains in the sample in that community) X: number of hotels in Spain (number of hotels owned by all chains in the sample)
Price	Average rate weighted by the number of rooms. Based on the minimum rate in euros for a double room, breakfast not included, in each hotel of a single chain
Age	Age of the firm in years

Variable	Definition
Q-period	Dependent variable in the probit model1 if the chain has at least one certified hotel from 2005 to 2013, 0 otherwise
Trend	Dependent variable in second stageSlope (b_i) of the least squares line in the regression analysis:QI_it = a + b_i t + e_itwhere:QI_it = proportion of hotels of the chain i that are certified in the period ta = interceptb_i = slope estimated for hotel chain it = time variable (from 2005 = 0 to 2013 = 8)e_it = residual term
Size	Logarithm of the total number of hotels
Urban	Percentage of hotels located in urban destinations: capital of the province (and its metropolitan area) and settlements with more than 50,000 inhabitants
Category	Average star category weighted by the number of rooms in each category
Cat_squared	Squared-category
Foreign	Fs: Proxy for the proportion of foreign customers of the hotel chain s: $Fs = Σ ({PF}_{r} \times \frac{X s r}{X s})$ where:PF_r: proportion of foreign tourists in Autonomous Community rXsr: number of hotels owned by chain (s) in Autonomous Community (r)Xs: number of hotels owned by chain (s) in Spain
Regional	Rs: Proxy for the proportion of regional customers of the hotel chain s: $Rs = Σ ({PR}_{r} \times \frac{X s r}{X s})$ where:PR_r: proportion of regional tourists in Autonomous Community rXsr: number of hotels owned by chain (s) in Autonomous Community (r)Xs: number of hotels owned by chain (s) in Spain
Concentration	Location coefficient (LCs):0 ≤ LCs ≤ 1 $LCs = Σ \frac{1}{2} \| \frac{X s r}{X s} - \frac{X r}{X} \|$ where:Xsr: number of hotels owned by chain (s) in Autonomous Community (r)Xs: number of hotels owned by chain (s) in SpainXr: number of hotels in Autonomous Community (r) (number of hotels owned by all chains in the sample in that community)X: number of hotels in Spain (number of hotels owned by all chains in the sample)
Price	Average rate weighted by the number of rooms. Based on the minimum rate in euros for a double room, breakfast not included, in each hotel of a single chain
Age	Age of the firm in years