Table I.

Conceptual framework for the research questions

Research questionArgumentsReferences
RQ1Internet leads to more impulse buying than the physical storeGreenfield (1999), LaRose (2001), Jeffrey and Hodge (2007), Verhagen and van Dolen (2011) 
Physical store leads to more impulse buying than the internetSharma et al. (2010), Gupta (2011), Kearney (2013) 
Personal and situational characteristics, rather than channel characteristics, determine impulsivenessYoun and Faber (2000), Badgaiyan and Verma (2014), Lim and Yazdanifard (2015) 
RQ2Encouraging factors
Greater product assortmentBrohan (2000), Chen-Yu and Seock (2002) 
Advanced marketing techniquesBrohan (2000), LaRose (2001), Koufaris (2002), Reibstein (2002), Kacen (2003), Koski (2004), Dawson and Kim (2009) 
Use of credit cardsDittmar and Drury (2000), LaRose (2001), Koski (2004), Karbasivar and Yarahmadi (2011), Tuttle (2014) 
AnonymityRook and Fisher (1995), Koufaris (2002) 
Lack of human contactGreenfield (1999) 
Easy access and convenienceKoufaris (2002), Koski (2004), Moe and Fader (2004), Dawson and Kim (2009) 
Discouraging factors
Easy access and convenienceKoufaris (2002), Koski (2004), Moe and Fader (2004), Dawson and Kim (2009) 
Delayed gratificationRook (1987), Dittmar and Drury (2000), LaRose (2001), Kacen (2003), Koski (2004) 
Inability to activate the five sensesBrown (1999), Chen-Yu and Seock (2002), Kacen (2003), McCabe and Nowlis (2003), Koski (2004), Peck and Childers (2006) 
Easy comparisonsBrohan (2000), LaRose (2001), Koski (2004) 
Shipping and refund costsHuang and Oppewal (2006), Kukar-Kinney and Close (2010) 
RQ3Consumers influence others by sharing pictures or recommendations in social media, which stimulates impulse buyingXiang et al., (2016) 
Social media help to build positive brand images, favouring impulse buyingKim and Johnson (2016) 

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