Table 1. Summary of transportation... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Summary of transportation system perturbations and characteristics

Perturbation name	Characteristics	Impact scope	Hazard degree	Duration	Randomness
Severe weather	Abnormal shocks on the supply side	Small	Low medium	Short	Predictable
Natural disasters	Abnormal shocks on the supply side	Large	High	Short medium	Random, sometimes predictable
Terrorist attacks	Abnormal shocks on the supply side	Medium-Large	High	Short	Unpredictable
Transportation facilities collapse	Normal shocks on the demand side, including major events and holidays; Normal shocks on the supply side, including bus delays and rail transit blocking	Small medium	Vary	Short medium	Random, sometimes predictable
Traffic congestion	Normal shocks on the supply side, including accidents	Small medium	Low medium	Short	Predictable
Road construction	Normal shocks on the supply side	Small	Low	Short	Predictable
Epidemic	Abnormal shocks on the supply side	Medium large	Medium high	Medium long	Random, sometimes predictable

Perturbation name	Characteristics	Impact scope	Hazard degree	Duration	Randomness
Severe weather	Abnormal shocks on the supply side	Small	Low medium	Short	Predictable
Natural disasters	Abnormal shocks on the supply side	Large	High	Short medium	Random, sometimes predictable
Terrorist attacks	Abnormal shocks on the supply side	Medium-Large	High	Short	Unpredictable
Transportation facilities collapse	Normal shocks on the demand side, including major events and holidays; Normal shocks on the supply side, including bus delays and rail transit blocking	Small medium	Vary	Short medium	Random, sometimes predictable
Traffic congestion	Normal shocks on the supply side, including accidents	Small medium	Low medium	Short	Predictable
Road construction	Normal shocks on the supply side	Small	Low	Short	Predictable
Epidemic	Abnormal shocks on the supply side	Medium large	Medium high	Medium long	Random, sometimes predictable