Table 2.

Explanatory descriptions of terms in STAMP process model

TermsExplanatory descriptionsExamples
Sensor (s)On-board and wayside devices to provide necessary measured variablesCab signal, speedometer, wayside interface unit, etc.
Actuator (s)Devices to transmit control commands and control the train movementsThrottle, brake system, etc.
DisturbancesExternal environments that could have effect on train movementsSnow, extreme wind, flood, ice, etc.
Process inputsInput information and devices that support/influence the train movementsSignal, track condition, rolling stock condition, safety equipment (e.g. bumping post), etc.
Process outputsOutput information and conditions that result from train movementsVibration, noise, severe hazard (e.g. derailment, collision), etc.

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