Table 4

Outcomes of ISO/IEC 27001

Main themes/research resultsRelevant papers (evidence: C = conceptual; E = empirical)
Outcomes specific to the scope of the standard (ISS)
More efficient risk preventionAl-Karaki et al. (2020) (C), Annarelli et al. (2020) (E), Everett (2011) (E), Freeman (2007) (C), Fuentes et al. (2011) (C), Rezaei et al. (2014) (E), Van Wessel et al. (2011) (E)
Higher business continuityBakar et al. (2015) (C), Rezaei et al. (2014) (E), Susanto et al. (2012) (C), Van Wessel et al. (2011) (E)
Other performance dimensions
Streamlined processesAnnarelli et al. (2020) (E), Crowder (2013) (E), Everett (2011) (E), Freeman (2007) (C), Fuentes et al. (2011) (C), Van Wessel et al., 2011 (E)
Better stakeholder relationshipHannigan et al. (2019) (E), Mirtsch et al. (2021) (C), Rezaei et al. (2014) (E), Van Wessel et al., 2011 (E)
Reduced partner opportunismKossyva et al. (2014) (C)
Lower flexibilityVan Wessel et al. (2011) (E)
Adequate return on investmentVan Wessel et al. (2011) (E)
Lower risk of profit lossBakar et al. (2015) (C), Van Wessel et al. (2011) (E)
Higher market valueDeane et al. (2019) (E), Tejay and Shoraka (2011) (E)
Lower insurance costsGillies (2011) (C), Susanto et al. (2012) (C)
Country-level indicators
Correlation with intellectual property indicatorsBaşaran (2016) (E)
Correlation with confidence sentiment indicatorsArmeanu et al. (2017) (E)
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