Sample of the substantive coding
| Verbatim quotations from transcript (sample) | Verbatim codes | Substantive codes |
|---|---|---|
| “It is not easy to induce a person who has been working for 20, 30, 40 years to have to change their way of working. ‘We have always done in this way’ represents a resistance to the new” “Learning from experience and with experience is a composite process, which includes and guides the evolution of learning. Learning, in the intertwining of formal, non-formal, and informal training, develops understanding, promotes conceptualization, facilitates the identification of significant objectives with respect to one’s needs to define them in realistic terms, helps to seek and select opportunities… Learning to learn is essential in the current world of work and beyond” | A− B+ C+ D− |
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| “Some still believe that once they have entered the world of work, they have finally closed the studio: thinking like this means being out of the market in a short time” “The use of experience before any active technique makes the subject in training the protagonist. Only with experience will he be able to develop existential skills, both personal ones, such as the ability to recognize emotions and know how to manage them, self-reflection and awareness of own identity, both social ones such as the ability to cooperate and communicate effectively, and those of self-government, such as knowing how to define objectives, evaluate one’s resources, obstacles and constraints, plan one’s actions” | A− B+ C+ D+ |
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| “Whole groups of teachers and trainers who do not know the studies of pedagogy, effective communication, multiple intelligences, …” “The existence of an individual is not shattered into non-communicating segments. People bring their life into work and bring work issues into their personal life. It is necessary to understand how training courses contribute to improving the quality of life, through the integration among existential and professional, technical, personal and relational skills” | A+ B− C+ D+ |
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| “We are in the era of feedback and emotion is internal feedback. The evaluation of a training path cannot ignore what the participants feel” “The role of emotions in learning is fundamental: it is learned by sympathy. The emotion goes together with the memory because the amygdala and hippocampus are connected. Learning means remembering and this can be more effective by touching emotional chords” | A− B+ C− D+ |
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| “After school, many young people are tempted not to enroll in university, continue to deal with things that excite them and pursue the brands in which they recognize themselves most …” “For some time now, training has been going through the so-called corporate academies that impart specific skills by virtue of real needs. Not infrequently, the training effectiveness of these offers is lower because there is a lack of engagement, a component that can only be provided through an adequate organizational culture” | A− B+ C+ D+ |
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| “Training means helping people to re-elaborate their own experience, to conceive new ideas, to better connect concepts, emotions, attitudes regarding the important and critical things in their work. Training means facilitating the acquisition of tools and methods to be more effective in one’s organizational role and moreover it means making people reflect on the lived experience, learn from these new resources to give new meanings, and direct it towards values, goals and needs by mobilizing new energies and a new spirit of research” “Perhaps the most critical aspect of training concerns the learning culture. Sometimes it takes months to convince companies to start pre-funded training courses. Whether they are workers or managers, one often encounters a certain skepticism. The real success of training occurs when people come to understand the importance and strategic nature of training courses, for individuals, groups, and the entire organization” | A+ B− C+ D+ |
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| “One of the problems of education is that, historically being a one-to-many model, based on a directive approach, it does not value individual characteristics and flattens out differences. Technology customization now allows you to choose your own training path, bringing the person back to the center of the learning process, to promote growth and intellectual, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral development” | A− B+ C+ D+ |
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| “The offer of online lessons on demand or daily recaps can help commuters or those who are busy not to be left behind, allowing them to follow a lesson several times until they have mastered the subject” | A+ B+ C+ D+ |
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| “In these months of pandemic emergency, very strong intellectual resistance has been felt on the part of a wide range of users who remain deeply analog and fear a decrease in human contacts. The goal of this literacy, however, is not the total rejection of face-to-face teaching, but a hybridization of traditional methods with new technologies to amplify their effects” | A− B+ C+ D+ |
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| “There are managers who, before a training course, tell you ‘We work here, we don’t play’ … but then, at the end of the course, they became our biggest supporters” “Play can be defined as a pre-cultural factor, determining in any society in the pedagogical learning process; but when a managerial training through play is proposed, an initial resistance of the participants must be considered. Yet computer games are fundamental for the development of cognitive, metacognitive and socio-cognitive skills” | A+ B− C+ D+ |
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| “The tracking system of interactions and experiences through a shared chain, and therefore not alterable, capable of recording titles, activities, working and non-working relationships, storing them in such a way that they are always accessible and highlighted, is the opportunity for new use of a system up to now little known, above all for its ability to create economic value” “The Blockchain can be used to certify and collect experiences and skills, attributable to the world of education and culture. This is because it allows to record the actual participation and the results of a course of study or training, even if not formal and informal, to make it visible and recallable, testable, and recognizable, thanks to the structures that issue it” | A+ B+ C+ D− |
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| “Coaching, mentoring, focus groups, cross-functional training, etc. have a dual objective: to develop role and personal skills, with a view to efficiency, as well as to increase collective well-being. Too often the interests of the worker and those of the organization are interpreted as different or even divergent. Work takes up at least a third of our days, therefore, the purpose of training is to improve not only work performance, but our life” | A− B+ C+ D+ |
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| “In the context of so-called ‘first generation’ teaching, the measurement took place based on the number of hours provided. But that doesn’t tell you what you’ve done or what you can do. We need to operationalize skills, find descriptors that measure knowledge, know-how and knowing how to be. You cannot manage what you are unable to measure, and you cannot improve what you are unable to manage” “Obviously, it is easier to measure a two-year training process aimed at developing leadership skills than 16 hours of public speaking. Training requires long times and integrated processes” | A+ B+ C+ D+ |
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| “Unfortunately, we work in watertight compartments: learning must be a strategic choice for the entire country. Many of the limitations of the training plans derive from the poor integration between Government, Research and Businesses. The business model towards which we are moving is that of Public Private Partnerships, this also involves learning and training” “Integrating institutions, universities and businesses means knowing what the strategic levers of the country are and focusing on those through the education and training system. The players in the training are many, they must work in synergy” | A− B+ C+ D+ |
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| “In other countries, companies can network and promote training actions for (often technical) company positions that they could not individually develop. In Italy, this does not happen; yet the industrial fabric, composed mainly of SMEs, does not offer many other solutions” “Never before has it been possible to share resources and, when it comes to ‘knowledge’, achieving networked economies is even easier” | A− B+ C− D+ |
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| “At the European level, work has been done in recent years to be able to bring to visibility and recognition even the so-called non-formal or informal experiences and acquisitions, that is, acquired and put into practice in non-school contexts. The same is true for workers, for whom the role played by personal and relational skills is fundamental” “The financing fund mechanism has advantages but also generates many distortions, offering training actions that are not always in line with what is really required by the industrial fabric” | A− B+ C+ D+ |
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| Verbatim quotations from transcript (sample) | Verbatim codes | Substantive codes |
|---|---|---|
Continuous training Formal, non-formal and informal learning Learning to learn | ||
Experiences Existential skills Awareness of one’s own identity | ||
Individual Emotion Personalization Multiple intelligences | ||
Satisfaction Reaction Feedback Emotion Improvement | ||
Specific skills Organizational culture Engagement Academy | ||
Important things Culture Values Goals Strategicity of training | ||
Directive-transmissive approach Technology Personalization Choose your own path | ||
Innovative methodologies Daily recap Every moment is a good moment to learn | ||
Traditional methodologies Blended learning Hybridization Synergies | ||
Game Technology Computer games Integration between generations | ||
Tracking system Curricula online Blockchain Record of results Verified skills Training supply/demand | ||
Individual and worker Improving life Collective and individual well-being | ||
Operationalize the constructs Measuring the skills Long-term analysis Training evaluation | ||
Public–private partnership Multiplayer offering Integrated service | ||
Companies networking Knowledge economy Synergies Interaction Country system | ||
Non-formal and informal learning Financing funds Industrial fabric |
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