Categories of explicative variables: presence in models and significances of estimations
| Category | Articles | Modelsa | Technique | Estimationsb | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metric | Dummy | ||||||||||||
| OLS | Tobit | Logit | Heckit | Others | + | − | n.s. | + | − | n.s. | |||
| Socio-demographic attributes: | |||||||||||||
| Gender (1 = Female; 0 = Male) | a, b, c, d, e, f, h, i, j, k, l, m, o | 42 | 3 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 12 | 23 |
| Age (metric) | f, h, i, j, l, m, n | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Young adult (35 years or younger) | a, d, e, g, o | 25 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 24 |
| Adult (35-65 years old) | a, b, d, e, g, o | 24 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 34 |
| Old adult (56 or older) | a, b, c, d, e, f, g, k, o | 38 | 2 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 32 |
| Nationality: | |||||||||||||
| North America | a, b, c, d, e, h, o | 36 | 1 | 15 | 9 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 23 |
| South America | a, d, e, o | 24 | 0 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 8 | 21 |
| Europe | a, b, e, f, g, h, k, l | 15 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Asia | j | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Oceania | j | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Others | a, e, h, j, n | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| Occupation: | |||||||||||||
| Employed (1=Yes; 0=No) | h, j | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Student | h | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Crew member | a, d, e, m | 19 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 5 |
| Manager | a, d, e, o | 24 | 0 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 13 |
| Professional | a, d, e, o | 24 | 0 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 17 |
| Employer | d | 10 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| Employee | a, e, o | 14 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 12 |
| Housewife | a, e | 8 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| Retired | a, d, h, o | 22 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 14 |
| Married | b, f, n | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Single | b | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Education | b, n | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Income | c, j, n | 9 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| Travel-related attributes: | |||||||||||||
| Group size | a, c, d, e, n | 27 | 0 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 16 | 5 | 1 | 7 |
| Party structure | g | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Previous cruises | c, f, k, l, n | 13 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 5 |
| Visits in the country | c, d, e, f, h, i, j, k, l, n | 34 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 18 |
| Hours onshore | b, c, f, g, h, i, k, l, n | 18 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Time spent in different areas | g | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Visited a place in the destination | c, m | 9 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 |
| Number of attractions visited | g | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Visited other cities | d | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 21 |
| Psychographic variables: | |||||||||||||
| Satisfaction with the destination: | |||||||||||||
| Overall | f, h, n, o | 9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| Touristic areas, activities, etc. | a | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| Terminal | l, o | 7 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| Transportation | l | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Shopping | k, l | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Food & Drink | e, l, m | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Tranquillity & atmosphere | a, e | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 |
| Dislike prices | d, o | 16 | 0 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 3 |
| Other aspects | e, i, l, o, | 11 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 14 | 45 |
| Intention to recommend | h | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Intention to return | I | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Combined satisfaction variablesc | f, n | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Motives for disembark | l | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Control variables: | |||||||||||||
| Port of arrival | a, d, e, n | 19 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 9 |
| Cruise company | f | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Super-sized ship | f | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Year of visit | i | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Month of visit | a, e | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 36 |
| Season of arrival | h | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Category | Articles | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metric | Dummy | ||||||||||||
| OLS | Tobit | Logit | Heckit | Others | + | − | n.s. | + | − | n.s. | |||
| Gender (1 = Female; 0 = Male) | a, b, c, d, e, f, h, i, j, k, l, m, o | 42 | 3 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 12 | 23 |
| Age (metric) | f, h, i, j, l, m, n | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Young adult (35 years or younger) | a, d, e, g, o | 25 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 24 |
| Adult (35-65 years old) | a, b, d, e, g, o | 24 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 34 |
| Old adult (56 or older) | a, b, c, d, e, f, g, k, o | 38 | 2 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 32 |
| Nationality: | |||||||||||||
| North America | a, b, c, d, e, h, o | 36 | 1 | 15 | 9 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 23 |
| South America | a, d, e, o | 24 | 0 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 8 | 21 |
| Europe | a, b, e, f, g, h, k, l | 15 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Asia | j | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Oceania | j | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Others | a, e, h, j, n | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| Employed (1=Yes; 0=No) | h, j | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Student | h | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Crew member | a, d, e, m | 19 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 5 |
| Manager | a, d, e, o | 24 | 0 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 13 |
| Professional | a, d, e, o | 24 | 0 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 17 |
| Employer | d | 10 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| Employee | a, e, o | 14 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 12 |
| Housewife | a, e | 8 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| Retired | a, d, h, o | 22 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 14 |
| Married | b, f, n | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Single | b | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Education | b, n | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Income | c, j, n | 9 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| Group size | a, c, d, e, n | 27 | 0 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 16 | 5 | 1 | 7 |
| Party structure | g | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Previous cruises | c, f, k, l, n | 13 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 5 |
| Visits in the country | c, d, e, f, h, i, j, k, l, n | 34 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 2 | 18 |
| Hours onshore | b, c, f, g, h, i, k, l, n | 18 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Time spent in different areas | g | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Visited a place in the destination | c, m | 9 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 |
| Number of attractions visited | g | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Visited other cities | d | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 21 |
| Overall | f, h, | 9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| Touristic areas, activities, etc. | a | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| Terminal | l, o | 7 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| Transportation | l | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Shopping | k, l | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Food & Drink | e, l, m | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Tranquillity & atmosphere | a, e | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 |
| Dislike prices | d, o | 16 | 0 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 3 |
| Other aspects | e, i, l, o, | 11 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 14 | 45 |
| Intention to recommend | h | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Intention to return | I | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Combined satisfaction variables | f, n | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Motives for disembark | l | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Port of arrival | a, d, e, n | 19 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 9 |
| Cruise company | f | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Super-sized ship | f | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Year of visit | i | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Month of visit | a, e | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 36 |
| Season of arrival | h | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Notes:
aresearch f performed four OLS models (in the table just 1 model has been counted, since the 4 models aroused robust results for all the variables included) and four hierarchical regressions (in the table just 1 model has been considered, since the 4 models aroused robust results for all the variables included). Research n did three models (in the table just 1 model has been counted, since the 3 models aroused robust results for all the variables included).
bConsidered significance level at least at 10% (p < 0.10).
cResearch f calculated the moderator effect on expenditure of the cruisers travelling with Super-Sized Ships (Satisfaction * SSSh). Research n calculated the moderator effect on expenditure of the ecxcursions package (Satisfaction * excursion)
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.