| Chapter 1 | ||
| Table 1. | Correlations between January 01, 2002 and April 29, 2011. | 3 |
| Table 2. | Calibration and Parameter Values. | 14 |
| Table 3. | Descriptive Statistics. | 15 |
| Table 4. | Cat Bond Spreads – Multiple Regressions. | 16 |
| Table 5. | Cat Bond Spreads vs Corporate Bond Spreads – Multiple Regressions. | 24 |
| Chapter 2 | ||
| Table 1. | Treasury Bond Prices under Optimal Trading Strategy. | 39 |
| Table 2. | Tax-timing Option Value of Treasury Bonds under Optimal Trading Strategy. | |
| Table 3. | Defaultable Bond Prices under Optimal Trading Strategy. | 42 |
| Table 4. | Tax-timing Option Value of Defaultable Bonds under Optimal Trading Strategy. | |
| Table 5. | Effects of Transaction Costs on the Tax-timing Option Value of Par Bonds. | |
| Table 6. | Summary Statistics of One-month Treasury Bill Rates (%). | |
| Table 7. | Defaultable Bond Prices under Optimal Trading Strategy. | 48 |
| Table 8. | Tax-timing Option Value of Defaultable Bonds under Optimal Trading Strategy. | |
| Table 9. | Tax-timing Option Value with Different Default Probabilities. | |
| Table 10. | Tax-timing Option Value with Different Recovery Rates. | |
| Table 11. | Tax-timing Option Value with Two Trading Intervals Per Year. | |
| Table 12. | Estimates of Default Probabilities When Tax-timing Options Are Ignored. | |
| Table 13. | Estimates of Implied Tax Rates When Tax-timing Options Are Ignored. | |
| Chapter 3 | ||
| Table 1. | Summary Statistics of Monthly Stock Returns for Asian Markets. | 69 |
| Table 2. | Correlation Matrix of EPUs for Various Markets. | 71 |
| Table 3. | Estimates of Excess Stock Returns on Conditional Volatility, Downside Risk, and Dividend Yield. | 74 |
| Table 4. | Estimates of Excess Stock Returns on Expected Volatility, Downside Risk, and Economic Policy Uncertainty. | 76 |
| Table 5. | Estimates of Excess Stock Returns on Conditional Volatility, Downside Risk, and Japan ΔEPU in Asian Markets. | |
| Table 6. | Estimates of Excess Stock Returns on Conditional Volatility, Downside Risk, and the Europe ΔEPU in Asian Markets. | |
| Table 7. | Estimates of Excess Stock Returns on Conditional Volatility, Downside Risk, and the US ΔEPU in Asian Markets. | |
| Table 8. | Estimates of Excess Stock Returns on Conditional Volatility, Downside Risk, and Global ΔEPU in Asian Markets. | |
| Table 9. | Robustness Test of Excess Stock Returns on Conditional Volatility, Downside Risk, and Global Log-EPU in Asian Markets. | |
| Chapter 4 | ||
| Table 1. | Breusch–Godfrey Test. | 96 |
| Table 2. | 25 Size-B/M Portfolio. | 97 |
| Table 3. | 25 Size-Inv Portfolio. | |
| Table 4. | 25 Size-OP Portfolio. | |
| Table 5. | 32 Size-OP-Inv Portfolio 22mm. | |
| Chapter 5 | ||
| Table 1. | Domestic Market Shares of Main Mongolian Banks. | 111 |
| Table 2. | Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. | 118 |
| Table 3. | Sample Distribution and Data Availability. | 125 |
| Table 4. | Definitions of Variables and Expected Signs of Coefficients in the Regressions. | 127 |
| Table 5. | Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Index by Year. | 129 |
| Table 6. | Descriptive Statistics for All Variables. | 131 |
| Table 7. | Correlation Matrix Analysis. | 132 |
| Table 8. | Tests for Differences in Mean and Median of CSR Categories between Large and Small-medium Banks. | 135 |
| Table 9. | Tests for Differences in Mean and Median of CSR Indexes and Financial Performance Measurement between CEO Duality Banks and CEO Non-duality Banks. | |
| Table 10. | Test for Differences in Mean and Median of Financial Performance Measurements between Higher and Lower CSR Banks. | 136 |
| Table 11. | Regression Analysis for CSRQD and CFP without Lagged Independent Variables. | 137 |
| Table 12. | Regression Analysis for CSRRD and CFP without Lagged Independent Variables. | 141 |
| Table 13. | Regression Analysis for CSRQD and CFP with Lagged Independent Variables. | 144 |
| Table 14. | Regression Analysis for CSRRD and CFP with Lagged Independent Variables. | 147 |
| Chapter 6 | ||
| Table 1. | Summary Statistics. | 169 |
| Table 2. | Summary Statistics for Intraday Trading Periods. | 170 |
| Table 3. | Estimation of the Return-signed Volume VAR for On-the-run Issues. | |
| Table 4. | Estimation of the Volatility–volume VAR Model for On-the-run Issues. | |
| Table 5. | Estimation of the Return-signed Volume VAR for Off-the-run Issues. | |
| Table 6. | Estimation of the Volatility–volume VAR for Off-the-run Issues. | |
| Table 7. | WACD Estimation for Five-year Treasury Notes. | |
| Table 8. | Decomposition of Volatility into Informed and Uninformed Components. | 189 |
| Table 9. | Price Contribution and Efficiency. | 193 |
| Table 10. | Regression of Effective Spread on Informed Volatility and Volume. | 195 |
| Chapter 7 | ||
| Table 1. | NPA and Advances as Percent of GDP and as Percent of Total Advances. | 206 |
| Table 2. | Macroeconomic Variables Relevant to all Three Groups of Banks. | 207 |
| Table 3. | Descriptive Statistics. | 208 |
| Table 4. | Results from POLS Model. | 209 |
| Chapter 8 | ||
| Table 1. | Selection of Sample of Delisting Subsidiaries. | 216 |
| Table 2. | Descriptive Statistics. | 217 |
| Table 3. | Results of Univariate Analysis | 218 |
| Table 4. | Results of Logit Regression. | 219 |
| Table 5. | Results of Logit Regression with Sales Growth Variable. | 220 |
| Table 6. | Correlation Coefficients among Variables. | 221 |
| Chapter 9 | ||
| Table 1. | Parameter Values. | 228 |
| Chapter 10 | ||
| Table 1. | Definitions and Distribution of Fitch’s Bank Individual Ratings (FBRs). | 238 |
| Table 2. | Distribution of Sample Banks by Country. | 239 |
| Table 3. | Summary Statistics on Bank Leverage. | 240 |
| Table 4. | Credit Rating Upgrades and Downgrades. | 241 |
| Table 5. | Bank Leverage near Credit Rating Changes: Gradation among Rating (GAR) Tests. | 244 |
| Table 6. | Bank Leverage near Credit Rating Changes: Credit Score Tests. | 245 |
| Table 7. | Bank Leverage near Credit Rating Changes: Investment Grade vs Speculative Grade. | 246 |
| Table 8. | Bank Leverage Levels following Credit Rating Changes. | 247 |
| Table 9. | Robustness Tests: Based on Propensity Score Matching Procedure. | 248 |
| Chapter 11 | ||
| Table 1. | Macroeconomic Indicators. | 263 |
| Table 2. | Worldwide Doing Business Indicators. | 265 |
| Table 3. | Worldwide Governance Indicators. | 266 |
| Table 4. | Total Loans, Provisions for Nonperforming Loans, and Nonperforming Loans. | 269 |
| Table 5. | Commercial Loans, Consumer Loans, and Housing Loans. | 271 |
| Table 6. | Net Income and Administrative Expenses. | 273 |
| Table 7. | Standard Deviation of ROA and Logz. | |
| Table 1. | Correlations between January 01, 2002 and April 29, 2011. | 3 |
| Table 2. | Calibration and Parameter Values. | 14 |
| Table 3. | Descriptive Statistics. | 15 |
| Table 4. | Cat Bond Spreads – Multiple Regressions. | 16 |
| Table 5. | Cat Bond Spreads vs Corporate Bond Spreads – Multiple Regressions. | 24 |
| Table 1. | Treasury Bond Prices under Optimal Trading Strategy. | 39 |
| Table 2. | Tax-timing Option Value of Treasury Bonds under Optimal Trading Strategy. | |
| Table 3. | Defaultable Bond Prices under Optimal Trading Strategy. | 42 |
| Table 4. | Tax-timing Option Value of Defaultable Bonds under Optimal Trading Strategy. | |
| Table 5. | Effects of Transaction Costs on the Tax-timing Option Value of Par Bonds. | |
| Table 6. | Summary Statistics of One-month Treasury Bill Rates (%). | |
| Table 7. | Defaultable Bond Prices under Optimal Trading Strategy. | 48 |
| Table 8. | Tax-timing Option Value of Defaultable Bonds under Optimal Trading Strategy. | |
| Table 9. | Tax-timing Option Value with Different Default Probabilities. | |
| Table 10. | Tax-timing Option Value with Different Recovery Rates. | |
| Table 11. | Tax-timing Option Value with Two Trading Intervals Per Year. | |
| Table 12. | Estimates of Default Probabilities When Tax-timing Options Are Ignored. | |
| Table 13. | Estimates of Implied Tax Rates When Tax-timing Options Are Ignored. | |
| Table 1. | Summary Statistics of Monthly Stock Returns for Asian Markets. | 69 |
| Table 2. | Correlation Matrix of EPUs for Various Markets. | 71 |
| Table 3. | Estimates of Excess Stock Returns on Conditional Volatility, Downside Risk, and Dividend Yield. | 74 |
| Table 4. | Estimates of Excess Stock Returns on Expected Volatility, Downside Risk, and Economic Policy Uncertainty. | 76 |
| Table 5. | Estimates of Excess Stock Returns on Conditional Volatility, Downside Risk, and Japan ΔEPU in Asian Markets. | |
| Table 6. | Estimates of Excess Stock Returns on Conditional Volatility, Downside Risk, and the Europe ΔEPU in Asian Markets. | |
| Table 7. | Estimates of Excess Stock Returns on Conditional Volatility, Downside Risk, and the US ΔEPU in Asian Markets. | |
| Table 8. | Estimates of Excess Stock Returns on Conditional Volatility, Downside Risk, and Global ΔEPU in Asian Markets. | |
| Table 9. | Robustness Test of Excess Stock Returns on Conditional Volatility, Downside Risk, and Global Log-EPU in Asian Markets. | |
| Table 1. | Breusch–Godfrey Test. | 96 |
| Table 2. | 25 Size-B/M Portfolio. | 97 |
| Table 3. | 25 Size-Inv Portfolio. | |
| Table 4. | 25 Size-OP Portfolio. | |
| Table 5. | 32 Size-OP-Inv Portfolio 22mm. | |
| Table 1. | Domestic Market Shares of Main Mongolian Banks. | 111 |
| Table 2. | Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure. | 118 |
| Table 3. | Sample Distribution and Data Availability. | 125 |
| Table 4. | Definitions of Variables and Expected Signs of Coefficients in the Regressions. | 127 |
| Table 5. | Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Index by Year. | 129 |
| Table 6. | Descriptive Statistics for All Variables. | 131 |
| Table 7. | Correlation Matrix Analysis. | 132 |
| Table 8. | Tests for Differences in Mean and Median of CSR Categories between Large and Small-medium Banks. | 135 |
| Table 9. | Tests for Differences in Mean and Median of CSR Indexes and Financial Performance Measurement between CEO Duality Banks and CEO Non-duality Banks. | |
| Table 10. | Test for Differences in Mean and Median of Financial Performance Measurements between Higher and Lower CSR Banks. | 136 |
| Table 11. | Regression Analysis for CSRQD and CFP without Lagged Independent Variables. | 137 |
| Table 12. | Regression Analysis for CSRRD and CFP without Lagged Independent Variables. | 141 |
| Table 13. | Regression Analysis for CSRQD and CFP with Lagged Independent Variables. | 144 |
| Table 14. | Regression Analysis for CSRRD and CFP with Lagged Independent Variables. | 147 |
| Table 1. | Summary Statistics. | 169 |
| Table 2. | Summary Statistics for Intraday Trading Periods. | 170 |
| Table 3. | Estimation of the Return-signed Volume VAR for On-the-run Issues. | |
| Table 4. | Estimation of the Volatility–volume VAR Model for On-the-run Issues. | |
| Table 5. | Estimation of the Return-signed Volume VAR for Off-the-run Issues. | |
| Table 6. | Estimation of the Volatility–volume VAR for Off-the-run Issues. | |
| Table 7. | WACD Estimation for Five-year Treasury Notes. | |
| Table 8. | Decomposition of Volatility into Informed and Uninformed Components. | 189 |
| Table 9. | Price Contribution and Efficiency. | 193 |
| Table 10. | Regression of Effective Spread on Informed Volatility and Volume. | 195 |
| Table 1. | NPA and Advances as Percent of GDP and as Percent of Total Advances. | 206 |
| Table 2. | Macroeconomic Variables Relevant to all Three Groups of Banks. | 207 |
| Table 3. | Descriptive Statistics. | 208 |
| Table 4. | Results from POLS Model. | 209 |
| Table 1. | Selection of Sample of Delisting Subsidiaries. | 216 |
| Table 2. | Descriptive Statistics. | 217 |
| Table 3. | Results of Univariate Analysis | 218 |
| Table 4. | Results of Logit Regression. | 219 |
| Table 5. | Results of Logit Regression with Sales Growth Variable. | 220 |
| Table 6. | Correlation Coefficients among Variables. | 221 |
| Table 1. | Parameter Values. | 228 |
| Table 1. | Definitions and Distribution of Fitch’s Bank Individual Ratings (FBRs). | 238 |
| Table 2. | Distribution of Sample Banks by Country. | 239 |
| Table 3. | Summary Statistics on Bank Leverage. | 240 |
| Table 4. | Credit Rating Upgrades and Downgrades. | 241 |
| Table 5. | Bank Leverage near Credit Rating Changes: Gradation among Rating (GAR) Tests. | 244 |
| Table 6. | Bank Leverage near Credit Rating Changes: Credit Score Tests. | 245 |
| Table 7. | Bank Leverage near Credit Rating Changes: Investment Grade vs Speculative Grade. | 246 |
| Table 8. | Bank Leverage Levels following Credit Rating Changes. | 247 |
| Table 9. | Robustness Tests: Based on Propensity Score Matching Procedure. | 248 |
| Table 1. | Macroeconomic Indicators. | 263 |
| Table 2. | Worldwide Doing Business Indicators. | 265 |
| Table 3. | Worldwide Governance Indicators. | 266 |
| Table 4. | Total Loans, Provisions for Nonperforming Loans, and Nonperforming Loans. | 269 |
| Table 5. | Commercial Loans, Consumer Loans, and Housing Loans. | 271 |
| Table 6. | Net Income and Administrative Expenses. | 273 |
| Table 7. | Standard Deviation of ROA and Log | |
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