Table 2.1. The Industry Classification...

Table 2.1.

The Industry Classification Systems

Table 2.2.

Summary of Missing Values in the Original Datasets

Table 2.3.

Summary of Missing Values After Cleaning the Datasets

Table 3.1.

Shares of Missing Values for Each Performance Variable by Geographical Area

Table 3.2.

Number of Firms and Their Lifespan Across Different Treatments and Regions

Table 3.3.

Skewness and Kurtosis of ROA Distribution across Treatments and Regions

Table 3.4.

Outliers and Extreme Outliers of ROA across Treatments and Regions

Table 4.1.

Comparing Original European and North American Data with the Complete Dataset

Table 4.2.

The Persistence of Outliers (Based on ROA) in the European and North American Complete Case Datasets

Table 4.3.

ROA Outliers in the North American and European Datasets Across Different Company Sizes

Table 4.4.

Needed Decrease in Share of Observations and Companies Per Industry to Make the ROA Distribution Normal

Table 5.1.

Comparing Performance and Risk-Return Studies in Management and Finance

Table 6.1a.

Descriptive Statistics on Key Performance Variables for Manufacturing Firms 1995–

201987

Table 6.1b.

Statistics on Leadership and Accounting Variables for Manufacturing Firms 1995–

201990

Table 6.2a.

Statistics for Firms Performing Above and Below Median ROA 1995–

201991

Table 6.2b.

Accounting and Leadership Statistics for Firms Above and Below Median ROA 1995–

201991

Table 6.3a.

Risk-Return Correlations (ROA) of Manufacturing Firms 1995–

201993

Table 6.3b.

Risk-Return Correlations (NI) of Manufacturing Firms 1995–

201993

Table 6.4a.

Performance Outcomes of Manufacturing Firms by Subperiods

Table 6.4b.

Risk-Return Correlations of Manufacturing Firms by Subperiods

Table 7.1.

The Performance and Risk-Return Outcomes in Different Subsamples 1995–

2019114

Table 8.1.

Financial Returns (ROA) of Firms in Manufacturing Industries 1995–

2019123

Table 8.2.

Return Outcomes and Risk Correlations of Manufacturing Firms by Subperiods

124

Table 8.3.

Description of Negative and Positive Outliers from Sampled Manufacturing Firms 1995–2019

126

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