Table 32. Percentage of Principal...

Table 32.

Percentage of Principal Investigators in Ministry or Higher-level Projects by Respondent Characteristics.

Characteristics of Scientists	Female		Male		Total
Characteristics of Scientists	%	N	%	N	%	N
Total	14.0	587	17.2	169	14.7	756
Academic rank	***		***		***
Low	2.8	428	5.6	124	3.4	552
High	44.0	159	48.9	45	45.1	204
Housework time per day	***				**
Four hours or less	19.4	278	15.2	125	18.1	403
More than four hours	9.1	309	22.7	44	10.8	353
Living standards	***		**		***
Difficult	4.3	139	5.4	56	4.6	195
Average	15.0	393	23.0	113	16.5	498
Better-0ff	30.9	55			31.7	63
Performance assessment from leaders
Totally fair	13.5	163	13.8	58	13.6	221
Mostly fair	15.1	304	19.8	81	16.1	385
Not fair	11.7	120	16.7	30	12.7	150

Characteristics of Scientists	Female		Male		Total
Characteristics of Scientists	%	N	%	N	%	N
Total	14.0	587	17.2	169	14.7	756
Academic rank	***		***		***
Low	2.8	428	5.6	124	3.4	552
High	44.0	159	48.9	45	45.1	204
Housework time per day	***				**
Four hours or less	19.4	278	15.2	125	18.1	403
More than four hours	9.1	309	22.7	44	10.8	353
Living standards	***		**		***
Difficult	4.3	139	5.4	56	4.6	195
Average	15.0	393	23.0	113	16.5	498
Better-0ff	30.9	55			31.7	63
Performance assessment from leaders
Totally fair	13.5	163	13.8	58	13.6	221
Mostly fair	15.1	304	19.8	81	16.1	385
Not fair	11.7	120	16.7	30	12.7	150

Significance level: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Note: We regrouped the variable “Living standard” of male into two groups (because the group Better-off is too small, with only eight cases).

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