Description of dependent and independent variables used in the analysis.
| Variable | Description | Source | Years Available |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infant mortality | Number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births | WHO global burden of disease | 2004–2015 |
| Neonatal mortality | Number of deaths of children within the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births | WHO global burden of disease | 2004–2015 |
| Under-five years mortality | Number of deaths of children below the age of five per 1,000 live births | WHO global burden of disease | 2004–2015 |
| Diabetes mortality | Number of deaths from diabetes of children/young people below the age of 20 per 100,000 of population | WHO global burden of disease | 2004–2016 |
| Epilepsy mortality | Number of deaths from diabetes of children/young people below the age of 20 per 100,000 of population | WHO global burden of disease | 2004–2016 |
| GDP per capita, PPP | Gross domestic product per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). GDP is converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. Data are in constant 2011 international dollars | World Health Organization’s global health expenditure database | 2004–2016 |
| Out-of-pocket expenditure as % total health expenditure | Any direct outlay by households, including gratuities and in-kind payments, to health practitioners and suppliers of pharmaceuticals, therapeutic appliances, and other goods and services. It is a part of private health expenditure | World Health Organization’s Global Health Expenditure database | 2004–2016 |
| % of total population living in urban areas | Proportion of people living in urban areas in a country in a given year, weighted average | The United Nations Population Division’s World Urbanization Prospects | 2004–2016 |
| General paediatricians/100,000 of population | General paediatricians per 100,000 of the population. Inclusion – Paediatricians; Neonatologists; Medical interns or residents specialising in paediatrics. Exclusion- Paediatric specialties (e.g. child psychiatry, child/paediatric surgery, child/paediatric gynaecology, paediatric cardiology, paediatric oncology) | European health information gateway | 2004–2014 |
| General practitioners/100,000 of population | General practitioners per 100K population. Inclusion – General practitioners – District medical doctors – therapists – Family medical practitioners (‘family doctors’) – Medical interns or residents specialising in general practice. Exclusion – Paediatricians – Other generalist (non-specialist) medical practitioners | European health information gateway | 2004–2015 |
| Nurses/100, 000 | Nurses per 100,000 population – Nursing professionals; nursing associate professionals and Midwives | European health information gateway | 2004–2015 |
| Population ages 0–19 as % of total population | Percentage of children and young people in population aged 19 years and under | Eurostat | 2004–2016 |
| Financing classification | Böhm classification of each country according to financing system; 0 = predominantly societal or social-based financing and 1 = predominantly state or tax financing | Böhm 2013 | |
| Service provision classification | Böhm classification of each country according to service provision types; 0 = predominantly private service provision; 1 = predominantly state service provision | Böhm 2013 | |
| Strength of primary care | Kringos classification of each country according to strength of primary care system (overall score): 0 = weak; 1 = strong; 2 = medium | Kringos 2013 |
| Variable | Description | Source | Years Available |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infant mortality | Number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births | WHO global burden of disease | 2004–2015 |
| Neonatal mortality | Number of deaths of children within the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births | WHO global burden of disease | 2004–2015 |
| Under-five years mortality | Number of deaths of children below the age of five per 1,000 live births | WHO global burden of disease | 2004–2015 |
| Diabetes mortality | Number of deaths from diabetes of children/young people below the age of 20 per 100,000 of population | WHO global burden of disease | 2004–2016 |
| Epilepsy mortality | Number of deaths from diabetes of children/young people below the age of 20 per 100,000 of population | WHO global burden of disease | 2004–2016 |
| GDP per capita, PPP | Gross domestic product per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). GDP is converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. Data are in constant 2011 international dollars | World Health Organization’s global health expenditure database | 2004–2016 |
| Out-of-pocket expenditure as % total health expenditure | Any direct outlay by households, including gratuities and in-kind payments, to health practitioners and suppliers of pharmaceuticals, therapeutic appliances, and other goods and services. It is a part of private health expenditure | World Health Organization’s Global Health Expenditure database | 2004–2016 |
| % of total population living in urban areas | Proportion of people living in urban areas in a country in a given year, weighted average | The United Nations Population Division’s World Urbanization Prospects | 2004–2016 |
| General paediatricians/100,000 of population | General paediatricians per 100,000 of the population. Inclusion – Paediatricians; Neonatologists; Medical interns or residents specialising in paediatrics. Exclusion- Paediatric specialties (e.g. child psychiatry, child/paediatric surgery, child/paediatric gynaecology, paediatric cardiology, paediatric oncology) | European health information gateway | 2004–2014 |
| General practitioners/100,000 of population | General practitioners per 100K population. Inclusion – General practitioners – District medical doctors – therapists – Family medical practitioners (‘family doctors’) – Medical interns or residents specialising in general practice. Exclusion – Paediatricians – Other generalist (non-specialist) medical practitioners | European health information gateway | 2004–2015 |
| Nurses/100, 000 | Nurses per 100,000 population – Nursing professionals; nursing associate professionals and Midwives | European health information gateway | 2004–2015 |
| Population ages 0–19 as % of total population | Percentage of children and young people in population aged 19 years and under | Eurostat | 2004–2016 |
| Financing classification | Böhm classification of each country according to financing system; 0 = predominantly societal or social-based financing and 1 = predominantly state or tax financing | Böhm 2013 | |
| Service provision classification | Böhm classification of each country according to service provision types; 0 = predominantly private service provision; 1 = predominantly state service provision | Böhm 2013 | |
| Strength of primary care | Kringos classification of each country according to strength of primary care system (overall score): 0 = weak; 1 = strong; 2 = medium | Kringos 2013 |
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