| Fig. 3.1 | Location of Favela Santa Marta in Rio de Janeiro | 41 |
| Fig. 3.2 | Access Points in Favela Santa Marta | 42 |
| Fig. 3.3 | Santa Marta's Funicular | 44 |
| Fig. 3.4 | Inner Alley of Favela Santa Marta | 45 |
| Fig. 3.5 | Steep Staircases in Favela Santa Marta | 46 |
| Fig. 4.1 | Barton Underpass Beneath the Busy Oxford Ring Road (A40) | 57 |
| Fig. 4.2 | Sequence of Methods Used in the HUM Research | 59 |
| Fig. 4.3 | Participatory Mapping at a Community Event | 60 |
| Fig. 4.4 | The Underpass Mural Being Painted by Community Artists | 63 |
| Fig. 5.1 | Participation Forms/Degrees/Levels | 82 |
| Fig. 5.2 | Rome SULP Stakeholders | 86 |
| Fig. 6.1 | Vellinge Municipality, Map | 103 |
| Fig. 6.2 | Overview Road Maintenance Responsibility in Vellinge Municipality, Map | 104 |
| Fig. 7.1 | Planters on Royal Park Road and Cars Reversing in Response to the Unexpected Road ‘Closure’ | 124 |
| Fig. 7.2 | Overturned Planter and Street Reopened, Norwood Grove | 124 |
| Fig. 7.3 | Personal Views Expressed on Meadow View (November 2020) | 125 |
| Fig. 7.4 | When Planters Create a Car Park (December 2020) | 125 |
| Fig. 7.5 | Overall Sentiment About the Scheme | 127 |
| Fig. 7.6 | Permanence of the Scheme | 127 |
| Fig. 8.1 | Theoretical Framework | 141 |
| Fig. 8.2 | Main Components of Urban Transport packages | 142 |
| Fig. 8.3 | Number of Articles That Include the Name of the ‘Urban Transport Package’ in Local Newspapers | 150 |
| Fig. 8.4 | Mentioning of ‘Toll-Road’ in Local Newspapers | 150 |
| Fig. 3.1 | Location of Favela Santa Marta in Rio de Janeiro | 41 |
| Fig. 3.2 | Access Points in Favela Santa Marta | 42 |
| Fig. 3.3 | Santa Marta's Funicular | 44 |
| Fig. 3.4 | Inner Alley of Favela Santa Marta | 45 |
| Fig. 3.5 | Steep Staircases in Favela Santa Marta | 46 |
| Fig. 4.1 | Barton Underpass Beneath the Busy Oxford Ring Road (A40) | 57 |
| Fig. 4.2 | Sequence of Methods Used in the HUM Research | 59 |
| Fig. 4.3 | Participatory Mapping at a Community Event | 60 |
| Fig. 4.4 | The Underpass Mural Being Painted by Community Artists | 63 |
| Fig. 5.1 | Participation Forms/Degrees/Levels | 82 |
| Fig. 5.2 | Rome SULP Stakeholders | 86 |
| Fig. 6.1 | Vellinge Municipality, Map | 103 |
| Fig. 6.2 | Overview Road Maintenance Responsibility in Vellinge Municipality, Map | 104 |
| Fig. 7.1 | Planters on Royal Park Road and Cars Reversing in Response to the Unexpected Road ‘Closure’ | 124 |
| Fig. 7.2 | Overturned Planter and Street Reopened, Norwood Grove | 124 |
| Fig. 7.3 | Personal Views Expressed on Meadow View (November 2020) | 125 |
| Fig. 7.4 | When Planters Create a Car Park (December 2020) | 125 |
| Fig. 7.5 | Overall Sentiment About the Scheme | 127 |
| Fig. 7.6 | Permanence of the Scheme | 127 |
| Fig. 8.1 | Theoretical Framework | 141 |
| Fig. 8.2 | Main Components of Urban Transport packages | 142 |
| Fig. 8.3 | Number of Articles That Include the Name of the ‘Urban Transport Package’ in Local Newspapers | 150 |
| Fig. 8.4 | Mentioning of ‘Toll-Road’ in Local Newspapers | 150 |
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