Regression Analysis of Financial Performance.
| FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal board of directors | 0.052 | ||||||||||||||||
| Formal board x Independent assessment of board | 0.103* | ||||||||||||||||
| Formal advisory board | 0.123** | ||||||||||||||||
| Evaluation of management performance | 0.074 | ||||||||||||||||
| Policy for selection, remuneration & promotion of family employees | −0.010 | ||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ agreement | 0.012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Formal reporting of business matters to shareholders | 0.129** | ||||||||||||||||
| Formal reporting of business matters to family members | 0.182*** | ||||||||||||||||
| Family council | 0.126** | ||||||||||||||||
| Family constitution / code of conduct | 0.138** | ||||||||||||||||
| Process for welcoming, educating, inducting family members into business | 0.131** | ||||||||||||||||
| Process for incorporating family vision / objectives into business planning | 0.041 | ||||||||||||||||
| Succession plan - Unifying strategy for the future of the business | 0.079 | ||||||||||||||||
| Succession plan – CEO | 0.112** | ||||||||||||||||
| Succession plan - Other senior positions held by family members | 0.105* | ||||||||||||||||
| Succession plan - Estate plans (inc. how ownership will be distributed) | −0.017 | ||||||||||||||||
| Firm age | −0.037 | −0.066 | −0.052 | −0.039 | −0.061 | −0.057 | −0.055 | −0.044 | −0.053 | 0.062 | −0.059 | −0.059 | −0.054 | −0.050 | −0.062 | −0.050 | −0.049 |
| Firm size | 0.125** | 0.094 | 0.084 | 0.080 | 0.056 | 0.107* | 0.103* | 0.070 | 0.056 | 0.096* | 0.074 | 0.096* | 0.107* | 0.107* | 0.103* | 0.096* | 0.119** |
| Industry_Agriculture | −0.025 | −0.054 | −0.053 | −0.057 | −0.051 | −0.076 | −0.061 | −0.056 | −0.066 | −0.035 | −0.034 | −0.029 | −0.035 | −0.035 | −0.041 | −0.038 | −0.035 |
| Industry_Construction | −0.030 | −0.041 | −0.023 | −0.043 | −0.026 | −0.060 | −0.040 | −0.042 | −0.023 | −0.020 | −0.019 | −0.014 | −0.026 | −0.030 | −0.035 | −0.028 | −0.033 |
| Industry_Manufacturing | −0.135** | −0.179*** | −0.141** | −0.187*** | −0.160** | −0.198*** | −0.179*** | −0.190*** | −0.187*** | −0.152** | −0.159** | −0.153** | −0.158** | −0.159** | −0.167*** | −0.177*** | −0.160** |
| Industry_Retail | −0.019 | −0.044 | −0.032 | −0.025 | −0.017 | −0.031 | −0.045 | −0.012 | −0.011 | −0.002 | −0.009 | −0.003 | −0.014 | −0.017 | −0.022 | −0.021 | −0.024 |
| Industry_Wholesale | −0.007 | −0.001 | 0.009 | 0.000 | 0.004 | −0.003 | 0.005 | −0.006 | 0.003 | 0.026 | 0.018 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.005 | −0.002 | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Generation in control: 1st vs. 2nd+ | 0.030 | 0.067 | 0.069 | 0.066 | 0.081 | 0.085 | 0.068 | 0.039 | 0.077 | 0.057 | 0.055 | 0.066 | 0.061 | 0.060 | 0.063 | 0.062 | 0.062 |
| R2 | 0.029 | 0.042 | 0.045 | 0.056 | 0.040 | 0.048 | 0.041 | 0.054 | 0.074 | 0.053 | 0.055 | 0.055 | 0.040 | 0.044 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.038 |
| F statistic | 1.470 | 1.560 | 1.787* | 2.085** | 1.479 | 1.672* | 1.482 | 2.024** | 2.833*** | 2.070** | 2.152** | 2.139** | 1.533 | 1.659* | 1.956** | 1.888* | 1.428 |
| Observation | 396 | 331 | 324 | 324 | 327 | 307 | 321 | 329 | 326 | 340 | 340 | 340 | 340 | 337 | 340 | 340 | 337 |
| FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β | β |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal board of directors | 0.052 | ||||||||||||||||
| Formal board x Independent assessment of board | 0.103* | ||||||||||||||||
| Formal advisory board | 0.123** | ||||||||||||||||
| Evaluation of management performance | 0.074 | ||||||||||||||||
| Policy for selection, remuneration & promotion of family employees | −0.010 | ||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ agreement | 0.012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Formal reporting of business matters to shareholders | 0.129** | ||||||||||||||||
| Formal reporting of business matters to family members | 0.182*** | ||||||||||||||||
| Family council | 0.126** | ||||||||||||||||
| Family constitution / code of conduct | 0.138** | ||||||||||||||||
| Process for welcoming, educating, inducting family members into business | 0.131** | ||||||||||||||||
| Process for incorporating family vision / objectives into business planning | 0.041 | ||||||||||||||||
| Succession plan - Unifying strategy for the future of the business | 0.079 | ||||||||||||||||
| Succession plan – CEO | 0.112** | ||||||||||||||||
| Succession plan - Other senior positions held by family members | 0.105* | ||||||||||||||||
| Succession plan - Estate plans (inc. how ownership will be distributed) | −0.017 | ||||||||||||||||
| Firm age | −0.037 | −0.066 | −0.052 | −0.039 | −0.061 | −0.057 | −0.055 | −0.044 | −0.053 | 0.062 | −0.059 | −0.059 | −0.054 | −0.050 | −0.062 | −0.050 | −0.049 |
| Firm size | 0.125** | 0.094 | 0.084 | 0.080 | 0.056 | 0.107* | 0.103* | 0.070 | 0.056 | 0.096* | 0.074 | 0.096* | 0.107* | 0.107* | 0.103* | 0.096* | 0.119** |
| Industry_Agriculture | −0.025 | −0.054 | −0.053 | −0.057 | −0.051 | −0.076 | −0.061 | −0.056 | −0.066 | −0.035 | −0.034 | −0.029 | −0.035 | −0.035 | −0.041 | −0.038 | −0.035 |
| Industry_Construction | −0.030 | −0.041 | −0.023 | −0.043 | −0.026 | −0.060 | −0.040 | −0.042 | −0.023 | −0.020 | −0.019 | −0.014 | −0.026 | −0.030 | −0.035 | −0.028 | −0.033 |
| Industry_Manufacturing | −0.135** | −0.179*** | −0.141** | −0.187*** | −0.160** | −0.198*** | −0.179*** | −0.190*** | −0.187*** | −0.152** | −0.159** | −0.153** | −0.158** | −0.159** | −0.167*** | −0.177*** | −0.160** |
| Industry_Retail | −0.019 | −0.044 | −0.032 | −0.025 | −0.017 | −0.031 | −0.045 | −0.012 | −0.011 | −0.002 | −0.009 | −0.003 | −0.014 | −0.017 | −0.022 | −0.021 | −0.024 |
| Industry_Wholesale | −0.007 | −0.001 | 0.009 | 0.000 | 0.004 | −0.003 | 0.005 | −0.006 | 0.003 | 0.026 | 0.018 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.005 | −0.002 | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Generation in control: 1st vs. 2nd+ | 0.030 | 0.067 | 0.069 | 0.066 | 0.081 | 0.085 | 0.068 | 0.039 | 0.077 | 0.057 | 0.055 | 0.066 | 0.061 | 0.060 | 0.063 | 0.062 | 0.062 |
| R2 | 0.029 | 0.042 | 0.045 | 0.056 | 0.040 | 0.048 | 0.041 | 0.054 | 0.074 | 0.053 | 0.055 | 0.055 | 0.040 | 0.044 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.038 |
| F statistic | 1.470 | 1.560 | 1.787* | 2.085** | 1.479 | 1.672* | 1.482 | 2.024** | 2.833*** | 2.070** | 2.152** | 2.139** | 1.533 | 1.659* | 1.956** | 1.888* | 1.428 |
| Observation | 396 | 331 | 324 | 324 | 327 | 307 | 321 | 329 | 326 | 340 | 340 | 340 | 340 | 337 | 340 | 340 | 337 |
***p < 0.01.
**p < 0.05.
*p < 0.10.
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