Table 1

Different typology of crisis

Social crisisTechnical and economic crisis
InternalCell 1Cell 2
Organizational breakdownProduct/service defect
MiscommunicationComputer breakdown
Failure to adopt changeBankruptcy
Illegal activitiesDefective/undisclosed information
Workplace bullyingPlant defects
ExternalCell 3Cell 4
Executive kidnappingIndustrial accidents
TerrorismNatural disaster
BoycottsLarge-scale systems failure
Labor strike/work stoppageSocietal crisis (civil and political)
Copyright infringementsWidespread environmental destruction

Source(s): Created by Iftikhar (2023) 

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