Table 1 Overview of improvement... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Overview of improvement identification method

Step	Activity; tools	Description	Main purpose	No. Participants
1	Identify themes; Affinity diagram, Interrelationship diagram	Researchers, together with a group of practitioners, identified four themes. Broad problem areas were identified through a workshop to scope the issues of the sick leave insurance system	Probe the problem	11
2	Collect data; Brainstorming	Data were collected through a conference with practitioners who worked with the system daily. The data were in the form of 717 sticky notes	Generate data	220
3	Analyse data; JMP Pro®	The gathered data from the conference, which were in form of sticky notes, were transcribed, analyzed, and grouped into 10 groups using latent semantic analysis and topic analysis in the Text Mining platform in JMP Pro® to conceptualize structural meta-themes	Concentrate and distil data	2
4	Clarify improvement areas and root causes; Affinity diagram	Clarifying issues and root cause was done in a group consisting of practitioners that represented different hierarchical actors in the system plus the researchers. The groupings were discussed, elaborated, and titled with a why/what/how-label representing the deeper meaning of the cluster	Make sense and find root causes of problems and data	8 + 2
5	Clarify interrelationships; Interrelationship diagram	The practitioner team identified the cause-and-effect relationships between the clusters	Deepen understanding and interrelationships. Find potential cause-and-effect	8 + 2
6	Generate potential benefits; Brain-writing, Brainstorming	The practitioner team generated potential benefits tied to resolving each issue	Increase understanding of potential effects	8 + 2
7	Verify results; Survey	The results were validated and confirmed by gathering feedback from the smaller practitioner team in the previous step, but also to the participants of the conference through a survey, presenting the results from Steps 1–5	Verification	8 + 220 (48)
8	Grade benefits; Survey	In a second part of the survey, the participants were asked to grade the most important benefits, generated in step 6, followed by a motivation concerning why it was important	Support prioritization	220 (48)
9	Create improvement suggestions; Survey	The last step aimed to identify what could be done to realize the benefits. This was done through an open question to conference participants in the survey	Find tacit ways for how to start to improve	220 (48)

Step	Activity; tools	Description	Main purpose	No. Participants
1	Identify themes; Affinity diagram, Interrelationship diagram	Researchers, together with a group of practitioners, identified four themes. Broad problem areas were identified through a workshop to scope the issues of the sick leave insurance system	Probe the problem	11
2	Collect data; Brainstorming	Data were collected through a conference with practitioners who worked with the system daily. The data were in the form of 717 sticky notes	Generate data	220
3	Analyse data; JMP Pro®	The gathered data from the conference, which were in form of sticky notes, were transcribed, analyzed, and grouped into 10 groups using latent semantic analysis and topic analysis in the Text Mining platform in JMP Pro® to conceptualize structural meta-themes	Concentrate and distil data	2
4	Clarify improvement areas and root causes; Affinity diagram	Clarifying issues and root cause was done in a group consisting of practitioners that represented different hierarchical actors in the system plus the researchers. The groupings were discussed, elaborated, and titled with a why/what/how-label representing the deeper meaning of the cluster	Make sense and find root causes of problems and data	8 + 2
5	Clarify interrelationships; Interrelationship diagram	The practitioner team identified the cause-and-effect relationships between the clusters	Deepen understanding and interrelationships. Find potential cause-and-effect	8 + 2
6	Generate potential benefits; Brain-writing, Brainstorming	The practitioner team generated potential benefits tied to resolving each issue	Increase understanding of potential effects	8 + 2
7	Verify results; Survey	The results were validated and confirmed by gathering feedback from the smaller practitioner team in the previous step, but also to the participants of the conference through a survey, presenting the results from Steps 1–5	Verification	8 + 220 (48)
8	Grade benefits; Survey	In a second part of the survey, the participants were asked to grade the most important benefits, generated in step 6, followed by a motivation concerning why it was important	Support prioritization	220 (48)
9	Create improvement suggestions; Survey	The last step aimed to identify what could be done to realize the benefits. This was done through an open question to conference participants in the survey	Find tacit ways for how to start to improve	220 (48)

Note(s): The number of participants that responded to the survey was 48 out of a total of 220