Table 5

Building circularity determinants

Source (temporal order)Determinants
Flexibility/adaptabilityServiceability/maintainability (operation)MaterialityDismantlability/disassembly/(dismountable/deconstruct- able)
(Material independency)		Exchangeability/re-distributionRecyclability/reusability reversibility (looping)Modularity/regularity/standardisationRe-generativity (material/energy)/renewability/recoveryVirtuality//dematerialisationShareability/multi-usability
Geldermans (2016) XXXX XXX  
Zimmann et al. (2016) XXXXXX XXX
Gravagnuolo et al. (2017) XXX XX XXX
Ness and Xing (2017) XXXXXXXXXX
Acharya et al. (2018)   X  X X  
Geldermans et al. (2019b) XXXXXXXX  
Huovila et al. (2019) X XX XXX  
Iyer-Raniga (2019) XXXXXXXXXX
Abadi and Sammuneh (2020)  X X XX   
Antonini et al. (2020) X XX X X  
Eberhardt et al. (2022) X XX XXX X
Kanters (2020) X XX X    
Akhimien et al. (2021) XXXXXXX   
Cottafava and Ritzenb (2021) XXXX X X  
Frequency1210131261481145
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