Table 1 Questionnaire items and...

Table 1

Questionnaire items and measurements

Construct	Items	Item loading	α ≥ 0.70	CR ≥ 0.70	AVE ≥ 0.50	DV
E-learning	The e-learning system is reliability	0.85	0.83	0.81	0.56	0.75
	The e-platform is suited to e-learning	0.74
	I am satisfied with the flexibility of e-learning system	0.71
	I am satisfied with the speed of e-learning system	0.69
Digital self-efficacy	I am able to use a computer and the Internet with ease	0.85	0.91	0.81	0.56	0.75
	What do you consider to be your level of computer skills?	0.81
	What is your experience with e-learning?	0.71
	The e-platform I am using is suited to e-learning	0.69
Social presence	I benefit from peer-peer interaction	0.79	0.77	0.81	0.56	0.75
	E-learning gives me autonomy	0.73
	There is little disturbance in e-learning	0.72
	I benefit from interacting with lecturers	0.92
	I value prompt feedback from lecturers	0.87
	E-learning allows lecturers to give different types of assessments	0.65
Learning tools	The video clips helped me understand the application of the information better	0.86	0.82	0.85	0.70	0.84
	The references to web sites enhanced my learning	0.68
	Video clips helped me remember information better	0.82
Learner satisfaction	I am satisfied with the online learning environment	0.80	0.81	0.87	0.58	0.76
	The e-learning system improves my ability to integrate information	0.79
	I value the flexibility that comes with e-learning systems	0.76
	E-learning systems allow me to accomplish learning tasks	0.75
	Using e-learning system increases my performance	0.69

Construct	Items	Item loading	α ≥ 0.70	CR ≥ 0.70	AVE ≥ 0.50	DV
E-learning	The e-learning system is reliability	0.85	0.83	0.81	0.56	0.75
	The e-platform is suited to e-learning	0.74
	I am satisfied with the flexibility of e-learning system	0.71
	I am satisfied with the speed of e-learning system	0.69
Digital self-efficacy	I am able to use a computer and the Internet with ease	0.85	0.91	0.81	0.56	0.75
	What do you consider to be your level of computer skills?	0.81
	What is your experience with e-learning?	0.71
	The e-platform I am using is suited to e-learning	0.69
Social presence	I benefit from peer-peer interaction	0.79	0.77	0.81	0.56	0.75
	E-learning gives me autonomy	0.73
	There is little disturbance in e-learning	0.72
	I benefit from interacting with lecturers	0.92
	I value prompt feedback from lecturers	0.87
	E-learning allows lecturers to give different types of assessments	0.65
Learning tools	The video clips helped me understand the application of the information better	0.86	0.82	0.85	0.70	0.84
	The references to web sites enhanced my learning	0.68
	Video clips helped me remember information better	0.82
Learner satisfaction	I am satisfied with the online learning environment	0.80	0.81	0.87	0.58	0.76
	The e-learning system improves my ability to integrate information	0.79
	I value the flexibility that comes with e-learning systems	0.76
	E-learning systems allow me to accomplish learning tasks	0.75
	Using e-learning system increases my performance	0.69

Note(s): DV: Discriminant value

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