Descriptive of selected health and social care initiatives
| Authors and year | Title | Country | Aim of study | Study design | Participants | Total number of participants | Target population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aboutanos et al. (2019) | Critical call for hospital-based domestic violence intervention: The Davis Challenge | United States | Describe the 10-year initial development, sustainability, and growth of a hospital-based intimate partner violence (IPV) intervention programme at a Level I Trauma Centre and provide descriptive statistics on the process, outcome, and impact | Non-randomised experimental study | Patients and clinicians | n = 799 patients n = 1,130 staff and service providers | Patients experiencing domestic violence |
| Alexander et al. (2018) | A before-and-after study of integrated training sessions for children’s health and care services | UK | Evaluate the efficacy of an intersectoral educational intervention across children services for improving participants’ knowledge of local services and improving participants’ joint working status (including communication, navigation and confidence in collaboration) | Non-randomised experimental study | Clinicians | n = 202 service providers | Children and families who live in disadvantaged communities |
| Aredes et al. (2021) | Integrated Care in the Community: The Case of the Programa Maior Cuidado (PCM) (Older Adult Care Programme) in Belo Horizonte-Minas Gerais, BRA | Brasil | Evaluation of the Older Adult Care Programme and examine the processes that led to the establishment of programme | Mixed-methods evaluation study | Patients and clinicians | n = 1980 patients n = 9 PMC health districts’ focus groups | Ageing population |
| Bussu et al. (2020) | Integrated care case (Dis)integrated care? lessons from east London | UK | Analyse of the perceptions of health and social care professionals working within acute and community settings in the three East London municipalities and their experience of integrated care | Qualitative evaluation study | Clinicians | Locality A: n = 36 interviews (including 1 group interview with two participants) Locality B: n = 22 interviews (including 1 group interviews with 3 participants) Locality C: n = 23 interviews (including 3 group interviews, two including with 2 participants and one including 3 participants) | Patients using primary care |
| Cammy et al. (2017) | Developing a Palliative Radiation Oncology Service Line: The Integration of Advance Care Planning in Subspecialty Oncologic Care | United States | Examine a new multidisciplinary model of care in palliative radiation oncology with contributions of the palliative radiation oncology social worker | Descriptive study | Patients | n = 26 patients | Palliative care patients |
| Chng et al. (2021) | Implementing social prescribing in primary care in areas of high socio-economic deprivation: process evaluation of the “Deep End” community links worker programme (LWP) | UK | Evaluate the implementation of the link worker programme in the seven intervention practices and explore the extent to which the programme was integrated into routine practice | Qualitative evaluation study | Clinicians | n = 31 service providers and key stakeholders (focus groups) n = 57 service providers (online survey) n = 14 services providers (depth interview with Lead GPs and community link workers) n = 19 Lead GPs, community link workers and practice managers (end-of-evaluation interviews) | Adults with multimorbidity |
| Collins et al. (2017) | Integrated human immunodeficiency virus care and service engagement amongst people living with HIV (PLHIV) who use drugs in a setting with a community-wide treatment as prevention initiative: A qualitative study in Vancouver, Canada | Canada | Generate insights into how the Dr. Peter Centre s (DPC) integrated services model influences access to, and retention in, HIV care amongst structurally vulnerable PLHIV who use drugs | Qualitative evaluation study | Patients | n = 30 patients | Patients suffering from human immunodeficiency virus and substance use problems |
| Davenport et al. (2021) | Impact of occupational therapy in an integrated adult social care service: Audit of Therapy Outcome Measure (TOM) Findings | UK | Demonstrate occupational therapy outcomes in adult social care through use of the Therapy Outcome Measure findings | Cross-sectional study | Patients | n = 70 patients | Adults (wide range) with chronic conditions which reduces occupational performance |
| De Vries McClintock et al. (2016) | Diabetes and depression care: A randomised controlled pilot trial | United States | Carry out a randomised controlled pilot trial to test the effectiveness of an integrated intervention for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression incorporating patients’ financial, social and emotional needs using patient prioritized planning (enhanced intervention) versus an integrated intervention alone (basic intervention) | Randomised controlled trial | Patients | n = 78 patients | Adults with multimorbidity |
| Doheny et al. (2020) | Impact of integrated care on trends in the rate of emergency department visits amongst older persons in Stockholm County: an interrupted time series analysis | Sweden | Investigate the potential association between the implementation of an integrated care (IC) system and the changes in the trends of ED visits in Norrtälje | Quasi-experimental cross-sectional study (interrupted time analysis) | Patients | Population-based registers covering the entire population of Stockholm County from Region Stockholm Healthcare Administrative Database | Ageing population |
| Eastwood et al. (2020) | Designing Initiatives for Vulnerable Families: From Theory to Design in Sydney, Australia | Australia | Evaluate the Healthy Homes and Neighbourhoods (HHAN) initiative, focussing on the care coordination component of the programme, using a critical realist case study approach | Pilot realist evaluation study | Patients and clinicians | n = 12 patients n = 21 staff and services providers (NGOs, GPs, NSW Department of Education, Family and Children Services) | Children and families who live in disadvantaged communities |
| Elston et al. (2019) | Improving Hospital at Home for frail older people: insights from a quality improvement project to achieve change across regional health and social care sectors | UK | Evaluate the impact of a holistic link-workers on service users’ well-being, activation and frailty, and their use of health and social care services and the associated costs | Economic evaluation | Patients | n = 86 patients | Ageing population |
| Ismail et al. (2020) | A pilot study of an integrated mental health, social and medical model for diabetes care in an inner-city setting: Three Dimensions for Diabetes (3DFD) | UK | Test whether 3DFD was associated with greater change in glycaemic control, other diabetes-related biomedical outcomes and in healthcare | Randomised controlled trial | Patients | n = 292 control group n = 277 intervention group | Adults with multimorbidity |
| Janse et al. (2016) | Do integrated care structures foster processes of integration? A quasi-experimental study in frail elderly care from the professional perspective | Netherlands | Measure integration processes in the delivery of integrated care as perceived by professionals | Quasi-experimental study with a control group | Clinicians | n = 120 control group n = 60 intervention group | Ageing population |
| Mateo-Abad et al. (2020) | Impact of the CareWell integrated care model for older patients with multimorbidity: a quasi-experimental controlled study in the Basque Country | Spain | Evaluate, in the Basque Country, the impact of the CareWell integrated care model for older patients with multimorbidity, using quantitative and qualitative techniques | Quasi-experimental controlled study | Patients | n = 99 control group n = 101 intervention group | Ageing population |
| Melvin et al. (2019) | The Open Arms Healthcare Centre’s Integrated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Services Model | United States | To determine if an integrated model of human immunodeficiency virus care resulted in increased linkage to care, increased treatment adherence rates, increased retention rates and improved viral load suppression | Quasi-experimental, cross-sectional research design | Patients | n = 231 patients | Patients suffering from human immunodeficiency virus |
| Moon et al. (2021) | Addressing Emotional Wellness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Role of Promotores in Delivering Integrated Mental Health Care and Social Services | United States | Investigate the role of promotores de salud (community health workers) in providing community-led and integrated mental health care and social services in response to the COVID-19 pandemic | Pilot evaluation study (retrospectively) | Patients | n = 776 patients (demographic analysis) n = 57 patients enrolled in the Emotional Wellness programme | Working-class Black and Latino communities |
| Moretti et al. (2017) | From the hospital towards social reintegration: the support path for people with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) and their families | Italy | Analyse the elements of the design of a programme tailored for patients with severe acquired brain injury | Descriptive study | Patients | n = 18 patients | Patients with severe acquired brain injury |
| Murphy et al. (2017) | Health benefits for health and social care clients attending an Integrated Health and Social Care day unit (IHSCDU): a before-and-after pilot study with a comparator group | UK | Identify whether attendance at the unit affected selected outcomes of functional mobility, number of prescribed medications and physical and psychological well-being | Evaluation study with a pre and post design | Patients | n = 33 control group (comparator) n = 30 intervention group | All age groups, individuals experiencing multimorbidity |
| Pauley et al. (2016) | Evaluation of an Integrated Cluster Care and Supportive Housing Model for Unstably Housed Persons Using the Shelter System | Canada | Evaluate the feasibility of an integrated cluster care and supportive housing model | Pilot evaluation study | Patients and clinicians | n = 212 patients’ usage data (retrospective) n = 31 (sub sample) patients for prospective analysis of goal achievement and satisfaction with the programme n = 20 staff members | Homeless, underhoused, and marginalised individuals with difficulties in accessing health and support services |
| Perman et al. (2021) | Effectiveness of a health and social care integration programme for home-dwelling frail older persons in Argentina | Argentina | Evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot on health and social integration aimed at reducing hospital admission rate of the participants compared to the current best standard of care | Quasi-experimental study with a concurrent control group | Patients | n = 121 control group n = 121 intervention group | Ageing population |
| Pruitt et al. (2018) | Expenditure Reductions Associated with a Social Service Referral Program | United States | Examine the association between met social needs in a social referral programme | Economic evaluation study | Patients | n = 1,521 patients (all social needs met) n = 1,197 patients (no social needs met) | Ageing population |
| Sadarangani et al. (2019) | A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of a Nurse-Led Community-Based Health Home (CBHH) for Ethnically Diverse Older Adults With Multimorbidity in the Adult Day Health Setting | United States | Evaluate outcomes associated with the CBHH model, changes in social and emotional aspects of health after 12 months in the programme and explore the perspectives of key stakeholders | Exploratory study with a sequential mixed-methods design | Patients and clinicians | n = 126 patients (EMRs*) n = 40 staff, services providers and caregivers | Ageing population |
| Sohanpal et al. (2017) | The impact of a social prescribing service on patients in primary care: a mixed-methods evaluation | UK | Present data about the effect of the service on the people referred and the implementation of the service from a patient perspective | Controlled evaluation study | Patients | n = 302 control group n = 184 intervention group | Patients in primary care |
| Spoorenberg (2019) | Health-Related Problems and Changes After 1 Year as Assessed With the Geriatric ICF Core Set (GeriatrICS) in Community-Living Older Adults Who Are Frail Receiving Person-Centred and Integrated Care From Embrace | Netherlands | Assess the prevalence and severity of health-related problems and the change after receiving individual care and support from Embrace programme | Evaluation study with a pre and post design | Patients | n = 136 patients | Ageing population |
| Talbot et al. (2020) | Delivering an integrated Adolescent Multi-Agency Specialist Service to families with adolescents at risk of care: Outcomes and learning from the first ten years | UK | Describe the Adolescent Multi-Agency Specialist Service (AMASS) approach to adolescent edge of care which aims to attend to the needs of both the family and their allocated social worker | Pilot evaluation study with a pre and post design | Patients | n = 153 families | Young people at risks of entering foster care systems |
| Terracciano et al. (2021) | The effect of community nurse on mortality and hospitalisation in a group of over-75 older adults: a nested case-control study | Italy | Assess the causal association of an integrated social and health programme including social intervention with the community nurse activity | Nested case-control study | Patients | n = 1,031 patients | Ageing population |
| Tong et al. (2020) | Effect of an integrated care model for pre-frail and frail older people living in community | China | Examine the effectiveness of an integrated care model supported by frailty assessment, personalised care plans and coordinated care services as arranged by community centres for older people in pre-frail and frail condition | Controlled, pair-matched evaluation study with a pre and post design | Patients | n = 270 control group n = 183 intervention group | Ageing population |
| VanDijk et al. (2016) | Effects of an integrated neighbourhood approach on older people’s (health-related) quality of life and well-being | Netherlands | Evaluate the effects of integrated neighbourhood approach on older people’s (health-related) quality of life and well-being life and well-being | Quasi-experimental study with a pre, post and follow-up design | Patients | n = 186 control group n = 186 intention to treat n = 186 intervention group | Community-dwelling older people |
| Vestjens et al. (2019) | Cost-effectiveness of a proactive, integrated primary care approach for community-dwelling frail older persons | Netherlands | Evaluated the Finding and Follow-up of Frail older persons (FFF) approach, which aims to maintain or improve older people’s well-being and is implemented by part of the Dutch general practitioners (GPs) | Matched quasi-experimental design with one pre and post design | Patients | n = 232 control group n = 232 intervention group | Ageing population |
| White et al. (2021) | Bridging the gap: A new integrated early intervention service for young people with complex mental health issues | Australia | Describe the young people’s pathway through headspace Early Intervention Teams (hEITs) hEIT including clinical outcomes, services delivered and experience of service. viability, development and retainment of the hEIT service and similar models going forward | A retrospective study of file audit of the electronic medical records | Patients | n = 26 patients | Young population at risk of developing mental health problems |
| Wong et al. (2020) | Effectiveness of a health-social partnership programme for discharged non-frail older adults: a pilot study | China | To test a community-based health-social partnership programme to support non-frail older adults living with optimum quality of life in their own environment after hospital discharge | Randomised controlled trial | Patients | n = 38 control group n = 27 intervention group | Ageing population |
| Zarnegar et al. (2017) | A clinical evaluation of a community-based rehabilitation and social intervention programme for patients with chronic pain with associated multi-morbidity | UK | Evaluate a community-based rehabilitation and social intervention programme which employs the components of the King’s Fund “House of Care” model | Quantitative evaluation study with a pre and post design | Patients | n = 24 patients | Patients with chronic pain and multimorbidity |
| Authors and year | Title | Country | Aim of study | Study design | Participants | Total number of participants | Target population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Critical call for hospital-based domestic violence intervention: The Davis Challenge | United States | Describe the 10-year initial development, sustainability, and growth of a hospital-based intimate partner violence (IPV) intervention programme at a Level I Trauma Centre and provide descriptive statistics on the process, outcome, and impact | Non-randomised experimental study | Patients and clinicians | Patients experiencing domestic violence | ||
| A before-and-after study of integrated training sessions for children’s health and care services | UK | Evaluate the efficacy of an intersectoral educational intervention across children services for improving participants’ knowledge of local services and improving participants’ joint working status (including communication, navigation and confidence in collaboration) | Non-randomised experimental study | Clinicians | Children and families who live in disadvantaged communities | ||
| Integrated Care in the Community: The Case of the Programa Maior Cuidado (PCM) (Older Adult Care Programme) in Belo Horizonte-Minas Gerais, BRA | Brasil | Evaluation of the Older Adult Care Programme and examine the processes that led to the establishment of programme | Mixed-methods evaluation study | Patients and clinicians | Ageing population | ||
| Integrated care case (Dis)integrated care? lessons from east London | UK | Analyse of the perceptions of health and social care professionals working within acute and community settings in the three East London municipalities and their experience of integrated care | Qualitative evaluation study | Clinicians | Locality A: | Patients using primary care | |
| Developing a Palliative Radiation Oncology Service Line: The Integration of Advance Care Planning in Subspecialty Oncologic Care | United States | Examine a new multidisciplinary model of care in palliative radiation oncology with contributions of the palliative radiation oncology social worker | Descriptive study | Patients | Palliative care patients | ||
| Implementing social prescribing in primary care in areas of high socio-economic deprivation: process evaluation of the “Deep End” community links worker programme (LWP) | UK | Evaluate the implementation of the link worker programme in the seven intervention practices and explore the extent to which the programme was integrated into routine practice | Qualitative evaluation study | Clinicians | Adults with multimorbidity | ||
| Integrated human immunodeficiency virus care and service engagement amongst people living with HIV (PLHIV) who use drugs in a setting with a community-wide treatment as prevention initiative: A qualitative study in Vancouver, Canada | Canada | Generate insights into how the Dr. Peter Centre s (DPC) integrated services model influences access to, and retention in, HIV care amongst structurally vulnerable PLHIV who use drugs | Qualitative evaluation study | Patients | Patients suffering from human immunodeficiency virus and substance use problems | ||
| Impact of occupational therapy in an integrated adult social care service: Audit of Therapy Outcome Measure (TOM) Findings | UK | Demonstrate occupational therapy outcomes in adult social care through use of the Therapy Outcome Measure findings | Cross-sectional study | Patients | Adults (wide range) with chronic conditions which reduces occupational performance | ||
| Diabetes and depression care: A randomised controlled pilot trial | United States | Carry out a randomised controlled pilot trial to test the effectiveness of an integrated intervention for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression incorporating patients’ financial, social and emotional needs using patient prioritized | Randomised controlled trial | Patients | Adults with multimorbidity | ||
| Impact of integrated care on trends in the rate of emergency department visits amongst older persons in Stockholm County: an interrupted time series analysis | Sweden | Investigate the potential association between the implementation of an integrated care (IC) system and the changes in the trends of ED visits in Norrtälje | Quasi-experimental cross-sectional study (interrupted time analysis) | Patients | Population-based registers covering the entire population of Stockholm County from Region Stockholm Healthcare Administrative Database | Ageing population | |
| Designing Initiatives for Vulnerable Families: From Theory to Design in Sydney, Australia | Australia | Evaluate the Healthy Homes and Neighbourhoods (HHAN) initiative, focussing on the care coordination component of the programme, using a critical realist case study approach | Pilot realist evaluation study | Patients and clinicians | Children and families who live in disadvantaged communities | ||
| Improving Hospital at Home for frail older people: insights from a quality improvement project to achieve change across regional health and social care sectors | UK | Evaluate the impact of a holistic link-workers on service users’ well-being, activation and frailty, and their use of health and social care services and the associated costs | Economic evaluation | Patients | Ageing population | ||
| A pilot study of an integrated mental health, social and medical model for diabetes care in an inner-city setting: Three Dimensions for Diabetes (3DFD) | UK | Test whether 3DFD was associated with greater change in glycaemic control, other diabetes-related biomedical outcomes and in healthcare | Randomised controlled trial | Patients | Adults with multimorbidity | ||
| Do integrated care structures foster processes of integration? A quasi-experimental study in frail elderly care from the professional perspective | Netherlands | Measure integration processes in the delivery of integrated care as perceived by professionals | Quasi-experimental study with a control group | Clinicians | Ageing population | ||
| Impact of the CareWell integrated care model for older patients with multimorbidity: a quasi-experimental controlled study in the Basque Country | Spain | Evaluate, in the Basque Country, the impact of the CareWell integrated care model for older patients with multimorbidity, using quantitative and qualitative techniques | Quasi-experimental controlled study | Patients | Ageing population | ||
| The Open Arms Healthcare Centre’s Integrated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Services Model | United States | To determine if an integrated model of human immunodeficiency virus care resulted in increased linkage to care, increased treatment adherence rates, increased retention rates and improved viral load suppression | Quasi-experimental, cross-sectional research design | Patients | Patients suffering from human immunodeficiency virus | ||
| Addressing Emotional Wellness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Role of Promotores in Delivering Integrated Mental Health Care and Social Services | United States | Investigate the role of promotores de salud (community health workers) in providing community-led and integrated mental health care and social services in response to the COVID-19 pandemic | Pilot evaluation study (retrospectively) | Patients | Working-class Black and Latino communities | ||
| From the hospital towards social reintegration: the support path for people with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) and their families | Italy | Analyse the elements of the design of a programme tailored for patients with severe acquired brain injury | Descriptive study | Patients | Patients with severe acquired brain injury | ||
| Health benefits for health and social care clients attending an Integrated Health and Social Care day unit (IHSCDU): a before-and-after pilot study with a comparator group | UK | Identify whether attendance at the unit affected selected outcomes of functional mobility, number of prescribed medications and physical and psychological well-being | Evaluation study with a pre and post design | Patients | All age groups, individuals experiencing multimorbidity | ||
| Evaluation of an Integrated Cluster Care and Supportive Housing Model for Unstably Housed Persons Using the Shelter System | Canada | Evaluate the feasibility of an integrated cluster care and supportive housing model | Pilot evaluation study | Patients and clinicians | Homeless, underhoused, and marginalised individuals with difficulties in accessing health and support services | ||
| Effectiveness of a health and social care integration programme for home-dwelling frail older persons in Argentina | Argentina | Evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot on health and social integration aimed at reducing hospital admission rate of the participants compared to the current best standard of care | Quasi-experimental study with a concurrent control group | Patients | Ageing population | ||
| Expenditure Reductions Associated with a Social Service Referral Program | United States | Examine the association between met social needs in a social referral programme | Economic evaluation study | Patients | Ageing population | ||
| A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of a Nurse-Led Community-Based Health Home (CBHH) for Ethnically Diverse Older Adults With Multimorbidity in the Adult Day Health Setting | United States | Evaluate outcomes associated with the CBHH model, changes in social and emotional aspects of health after 12 months in the programme and explore the perspectives of key stakeholders | Exploratory study with a sequential mixed-methods design | Patients and clinicians | Ageing population | ||
| The impact of a social prescribing service on patients in primary care: a mixed-methods evaluation | UK | Present data about the effect of the service on the people referred and the implementation of the service from a patient perspective | Controlled evaluation study | Patients | Patients in primary care | ||
| Health-Related Problems and Changes After 1 Year as Assessed With the Geriatric ICF Core Set (GeriatrICS) in Community-Living Older Adults Who Are Frail Receiving Person-Centred and Integrated Care From Embrace | Netherlands | Assess the prevalence and severity of health-related problems and the change after receiving individual care and support from Embrace programme | Evaluation study with a pre and post design | Patients | Ageing population | ||
| Delivering an integrated Adolescent Multi-Agency Specialist Service to families with adolescents at risk of care: Outcomes and learning from the first ten years | UK | Describe the Adolescent Multi-Agency Specialist Service (AMASS) approach to adolescent edge of care which aims to attend to the needs of both the family and their allocated social worker | Pilot evaluation study with a pre and post design | Patients | Young people at risks of entering foster care systems | ||
| The effect of community nurse on mortality and hospitalisation in a group of over-75 older adults: a nested case-control study | Italy | Assess the causal association of an integrated social and health | Nested case-control study | Patients | Ageing population | ||
| Effect of an integrated care model for pre-frail and frail older people living in community | China | Examine the effectiveness of an integrated care model supported by frailty assessment, personalised care plans and coordinated care services as arranged by community centres for older people in pre-frail and frail condition | Controlled, pair-matched evaluation study with a pre and post design | Patients | Ageing population | ||
| Effects of an integrated neighbourhood approach on older people’s (health-related) quality of life and well-being | Netherlands | Evaluate the effects of integrated neighbourhood approach on older people’s (health-related) quality of life and well-being life and well-being | Quasi-experimental study with a pre, post and follow-up design | Patients | Community-dwelling older people | ||
| Cost-effectiveness of a proactive, integrated primary care approach for community-dwelling frail older persons | Netherlands | Evaluated the Finding and Follow-up of Frail older persons (FFF) approach, which aims to maintain or improve older people’s well-being and is implemented by part of the Dutch general practitioners (GPs) | Matched quasi-experimental design with one pre and post design | Patients | Ageing population | ||
| Bridging the gap: A new integrated early intervention service for young people with complex mental health issues | Australia | Describe the young people’s pathway through headspace Early Intervention Teams (hEITs) hEIT including clinical outcomes, services delivered and experience of service. viability, development and retainment of the hEIT service and similar models going forward | A retrospective study of file audit of the electronic medical records | Patients | Young population at risk of developing mental health problems | ||
| Effectiveness of a health-social partnership programme for discharged non-frail older adults: a pilot study | China | To test a community-based health-social partnership programme to support non-frail older adults living with optimum quality of life in their own environment after hospital discharge | Randomised controlled trial | Patients | Ageing population | ||
| A clinical evaluation of a community-based rehabilitation and social intervention programme for patients with chronic pain with associated multi-morbidity | UK | Evaluate a community-based rehabilitation and social intervention programme which employs the components of the King’s Fund “House of Care” model | Quantitative evaluation study with a pre and post design | Patients | Patients with chronic pain and multimorbidity |
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