Table 2

Summary of smart working strengths and weaknesses before and after the pandemic

Smart working before COVID-19Smart working after COVID-19
Strengths
  • Improvement of organizational flexibility, processes, and efficiency

  • Improvement of employees' autonomy and flexibility: work- life balance and well-being

  • Potential improvement of communication and collaboration

  • Improvement of organizational flexibility, processes, and efficiency

  • Prompt answer to the health emergency

  • Increased collaboration and proactiveness

  • Precise setting of the objectives by managers

Weaknesses
  • Physical distance from the office reduces the potential improvement of communication

  • Risk of reduced employees' responsibility because of a lacking direct control

  • Some activities cannot, at least partly, be carried out in smart working

  • Lack of training on the use of technological devices

  • Lacking boundaries between work and private life

  • Lacking the right to disconnection

  • Lack of training on the use of technological device

  • Risk of employees' isolation from the office

  • Reduced communication between colleagues

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