Table 2

Content and reliability of the used measures

Dimensions Traditional (T)/New (N)Content of the items used in this study; S = soft item; H = hard itemCronbach α > 0.7
Management/Leadership (T)

  1. Organizational awareness of goals (S)

  2. Monitoring the achievement of goals (S)

  3. Goal metrics and awareness of goals/goal metrics (S)

  4. Management feedback on success (S)

  5. Clarity of responsibilities and authority (S)

  1. Management support to achieve goals (S)

  2. Quality of internal cooperation (S)

  3. Problem solving (S)

  4. Equal partnership (S)

  5. Supporting initiatives (S)

  6. Clarity of strategy (S)

0.879
Customer Focus (T)

  1. Customer satisfaction assessment procedures (S)

  2. Customer satisfaction (S)

  1. Customer satisfaction analysis (H)

  2. Action plans to improve customer satisfaction (H)

0.691
Personnel (T)

  1. Personnel knowledge of opportunities to influence customer satisfaction (S)

  2. Mapping of training needs (H)

  1. Training programs to achieve goals (H)

  2. Handling educational success (S)

  3. Level of personnel competence (S)

  4. Level of personnel motivation (S)

0.781
Processes (T)

  1. Process efficiency (H)

  2. Measuring success and performance (H)

  3. Process performance information (S)

  4. Competitiveness of processes compared to competitors (S)

  1. Opportunities to improve processes (S)

  2. Self-assessment of process performance (H)

  3. Finding areas for improvement by comparing to competitors (H)

0.829
Procurement and Materials (T)

  1. Procurement efficiency (H)

  2. Material deficiencies (H)

  3. Value of inventories (H)

  1. Quality of suppliers (H)

  2. Identity of materials (S)

0.730
Products (T)

  1. Competitiveness of products/services (S)

  2. Product price/quality ratio (S)

  3. Customer complaints about products/services (H)

  1. Product/service development activity (S)

  2. Progress of products/services compared to competitors (S)

0.729
Continuous Improvement (T)

  1. Overall level of continuous improvement in system (S)

  2. The level of operational development (S)

  3. Control of corrective actions (H)

  1. Informing personnel of changes (S)

  2. Rewarding personnel for successful projects (S)

0.804
Risk Management (N)

  1. Identification of risks to operations/products (H)

  2. Maintenance of risk assessments (H)

  1. Monitoring of corrective actions related to the risks (H)

  2. Reduction of risks to operations/products (H)

0.819
Stakeholder Management (N)

  1. Stakeholder identification (S)

  2. Identification of stakeholder expectations and requirements (S)

  3. Objectives to meet stakeholder requirements (S)

  1. Action plans to meet stakeholder requirements (H)

  2. Monitoring the implementation of stakeholder requirements (H)

0.891
Digitalization (N)

  1. Exploiting the opportunities offered by digitalization (H)

  2. Digitalization and shop floor management (SFM) in operation and development of internal processes through digitalization (H)

  1. Level of utilization of digitization (H)

  2. Identification of stakeholder requirements in the field of digitalization (S)

0.834
System Deployment (N)

  1. Adherence to ratified practices (H)

  2. Effectiveness of the implementation of agreed practices (H)

  3. Monitoring compliance with ratified practices (H)

  1. Effectiveness of practices (H)

  2. Personnel awareness of the importance of adherence to practices (S)

0.844
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