Table 8.

Granger causality

Null hypothesisF-statistics/ProbabilityInference of causality
IPRI does not Granger-cause LogRD
LogRD does not Granger-cause IPRI
24.550**
16.903**
Bidirectional
MRank does not Granger-cause LogRD
LogRD does not Granger-cause MRank
0.057
0.038
No direction
IPR-A does not Granger-cause RDIntensity
RDIntensity does not Granger-cause IPR-A
5.699***
2.334
One direction
MAbility does not Granger-cause RDIntensity
RDIntensity does not Granger-cause MAbility
16.765
57.600
No direction

Notes: The statistical significance is denoted as **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, respectively. Refer Table 2 for variable definitions

Source: Table by authors

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