The main characteristics of the selected articles
| First author | Year | Country | Keywords related to competencies | Keywords related to teaching and learning approach |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alves | 2017 | Portugal | Remanufacturing, recycling, eco-efficiency, eco-design, LCA | Project-based learning, report, presentation, discussion, blogs, prototypes |
| Bakirlioglu | 2021 | Turkey | Design for circular economy, material exploration, innovation, recycling, upcycling, reuse, remanufacture, waste prevention, business model, collaboration | Collaborative learning, project-based learning, internship, mentoring, masterclass, workshop, open education resource, group discussion, presentation, pitching, meeting with industry partners |
| de la Torre | 2021 | Spain | Sustainable energy, energy optimisation, transportation systems, decision-making, systems thinking | Simulation-based learning, serious gaming, scenario |
| Fraccascia | 2021 | The Netherlands | Industrial symbiosis, business development, waste management, information flows | Business gaming, challenge-based learning, case-based essay, written exam |
| Gomes | 2022 | Brazil | Circular design, environmental performance assessment, LCA | Learning by Doing, project, case study, lecture, simulation, design class, workshop, presentation |
| Gonzalez-Dominguez | 2020 | Spain | Product design and development, innovation, eco-design, LCA, packaging and distribution, resource optimisation, project management and leadership | Collaborative project-based learning, theory session, report |
| Khoury | 2023 | UK | Urban water cycle, energy footprint, circular strategies: reduce, reuse, recovery | Serious gaming, tournament, scenario, case study, discussion, expert panel |
| Kioupi | 2021 | UK | Product design, material criticality | Active learning, experiential learning, serious gaming, workshop, discussion |
| Kirchherr | 2019 | The Netherlands | CE concept, product design, circular business models, eco-industrial parks, macro-systemic effects, policy instruments, critical thinking | Problem-based learning, lecture, guest speaker, excursion, gaming, simulation, scenario, presentation, discussion |
| Kopnina | 2019 | The Netherlands | Circular products and production, green marketing | Classroom ethnography, case-based learning, assignment, essay |
| Kopnina | 2022 | The Netherlands | Circular products and production, green marketing | Post-qualitative inquiry, corporate case study, role-play game, lecture, debate, presentation |
| Kowasch | 2022 | Austria | Eco-efficiency, consumption behaviour, recycling, upcycling and waste prevention | Experiential learning, field trips, lecture, essay, industry interviews, presentation |
| Lagrasta | 2021 | Italy | Business model, supply chain, by-products | Problem-based learning, case-based learning, case study, presentation, discussion, flipped classroom |
| Lanz | 2019 | Finland | Sustainable production and production systems, product development, manufacturing | Problem-based learning, participatory learning, lecture, workshop, simulation, report |
| Manshoven | 2021 | Belgium | Business model, business strategy, entrepreneurship, strategic thinking, critical thinking | Serious gaming, board game, simulation |
| O’Born | 2022 | Norway | System thinking, material loops, circular design principles | Active learning, problem-based learning, lecture |
| Rodriguez-Chueca | 2020 | Spain | LCA, industrial symbiosis, production processes, waste management, leadership, creativity | Challenge-based learning, flipped classroom, case study, lecture |
| Sanchez-Romaguera | 2016 | UK | System thinking, LCA, alternative energy sources and/or sustainable materials, circular design, business models, social and ethical implications | Problem-based learning, project-based learning, collaborative learning, lecture, discussion, presentation, report |
| Summerton | 2019 | UK | Systems thinking, manufacturing, life cycle thinking, product design, regulation | Active learning, experiential learning, collaborative learning, workshop, case study, debate, presentation |
| Wandl | 2019 | The Netherlands | Regional spatial structures, material flows, waste chains, eco-innovative solutions | Situated learning, studio work, living lab, lecture, workshop, stakeholder discussion, mentoring, presentation |
| Whalen | 2018 | Sweden | Systems thinking, material criticality, production of products, strategic thinking | Serious gaming, laboratory exercise, essay |
| Whitehill | 2022 | UK | Circular design, waste as a resource, communication, systems thinking, creativity, innovation | Experiential learning, collaborative learning, project, case study, lecture, exhibition, factory tour |
| First author | Year | Country | Keywords related to competencies | Keywords related to teaching and learning approach |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alves | 2017 | Portugal | Remanufacturing, recycling, eco-efficiency, eco-design, LCA | Project-based learning, report, presentation, discussion, blogs, prototypes |
| Bakirlioglu | 2021 | Turkey | Design for circular economy, material exploration, innovation, recycling, upcycling, reuse, remanufacture, waste prevention, business model, collaboration | Collaborative learning, project-based learning, internship, mentoring, masterclass, workshop, open education resource, group discussion, presentation, pitching, meeting with industry partners |
| de la Torre | 2021 | Spain | Sustainable energy, energy optimisation, transportation systems, decision-making, systems thinking | Simulation-based learning, serious gaming, scenario |
| Fraccascia | 2021 | The Netherlands | Industrial symbiosis, business development, waste management, information flows | Business gaming, challenge-based learning, case-based essay, written exam |
| Gomes | 2022 | Brazil | Circular design, environmental performance assessment, LCA | Learning by Doing, project, case study, lecture, simulation, design class, workshop, presentation |
| Gonzalez-Dominguez | 2020 | Spain | Product design and development, innovation, eco-design, LCA, packaging and distribution, resource optimisation, project management and leadership | Collaborative project-based learning, theory session, report |
| Khoury | 2023 | UK | Urban water cycle, energy footprint, circular strategies: reduce, reuse, recovery | Serious gaming, tournament, scenario, case study, discussion, expert panel |
| Kioupi | 2021 | UK | Product design, material criticality | Active learning, experiential learning, serious gaming, workshop, discussion |
| Kirchherr | 2019 | The Netherlands | CE concept, product design, circular business models, eco-industrial parks, macro-systemic effects, policy instruments, critical thinking | Problem-based learning, lecture, guest speaker, excursion, gaming, simulation, scenario, presentation, discussion |
| Kopnina | 2019 | The Netherlands | Circular products and production, green marketing | Classroom ethnography, case-based learning, assignment, essay |
| Kopnina | 2022 | The Netherlands | Circular products and production, green marketing | Post-qualitative inquiry, corporate case study, role-play game, lecture, debate, presentation |
| Kowasch | 2022 | Austria | Eco-efficiency, consumption behaviour, recycling, upcycling and waste prevention | Experiential learning, field trips, lecture, essay, industry interviews, presentation |
| Lagrasta | 2021 | Italy | Business model, supply chain, by-products | Problem-based learning, case-based learning, case study, presentation, discussion, flipped classroom |
| Lanz | 2019 | Finland | Sustainable production and production systems, product development, manufacturing | Problem-based learning, participatory learning, lecture, workshop, simulation, report |
| Manshoven | 2021 | Belgium | Business model, business strategy, entrepreneurship, strategic thinking, critical thinking | Serious gaming, board game, simulation |
| O’Born | 2022 | Norway | System thinking, material loops, circular design principles | Active learning, problem-based learning, lecture |
| Rodriguez-Chueca | 2020 | Spain | LCA, industrial symbiosis, production processes, waste management, leadership, creativity | Challenge-based learning, flipped classroom, case study, lecture |
| Sanchez-Romaguera | 2016 | UK | System thinking, LCA, alternative energy sources and/or sustainable materials, circular design, business models, social and ethical implications | Problem-based learning, project-based learning, collaborative learning, lecture, discussion, presentation, report |
| Summerton | 2019 | UK | Systems thinking, manufacturing, life cycle thinking, product design, regulation | Active learning, experiential learning, collaborative learning, workshop, case study, debate, presentation |
| Wandl | 2019 | The Netherlands | Regional spatial structures, material flows, waste chains, eco-innovative solutions | Situated learning, studio work, living lab, lecture, workshop, stakeholder discussion, mentoring, presentation |
| Whalen | 2018 | Sweden | Systems thinking, material criticality, production of products, strategic thinking | Serious gaming, laboratory exercise, essay |
| Whitehill | 2022 | UK | Circular design, waste as a resource, communication, systems thinking, creativity, innovation | Experiential learning, collaborative learning, project, case study, lecture, exhibition, factory tour |
Source: Author’s own creation/work
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