Results of hypotheses testing via bootstrapping (direct and specific indirect effects)
| Hypothesis | Effect | Path | Coefficient | t statistic | VIF | f-square |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | Direct | C-HRM → OT | 0.6832 | 15.6*** | 1.0000 | 0.875 |
| H2 | Direct | C-HRM → INOI | 0.1711 | 1.98* | 2.2075 | 0.026 |
| H3 | Direct | OT → INOI | 0.2137 | 2.32* | 2.2487 | 0.041 |
| H4 | Mediating | C-HRM → OIT → INOI | 0.1460a | 2.18* | – | – |
| Direct | DC → INOI | 0.4565 | 4.69*** | 1.9898 | 0.207 | |
| H5 | Moderating | MOD_EFF_DC → INOI | 0.1003 | 2.12* | 1.2789 | 0.023 |
| Hypothesis | Effect | Path | Coefficient | VIF | f-square | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct | C-HRM → OT | 0.6832 | 15.6*** | 1.0000 | 0.875 | |
| Direct | C-HRM → INOI | 0.1711 | 1.98* | 2.2075 | 0.026 | |
| Direct | OT → INOI | 0.2137 | 2.32* | 2.2487 | 0.041 | |
| Mediating | C-HRM → OIT → INOI | 0.1460a | 2.18* | – | – | |
| Direct | DC → INOI | 0.4565 | 4.69*** | 1.9898 | 0.207 | |
| Moderating | MOD_EFF_DC → INOI | 0.1003 | 2.12* | 1.2789 | 0.023 |
Note(s): a, specific indirect effect; VIF, Variance influence factor; f-Square, effect size; C-HRM, commitment-based human resources management; DC, developmental culture; INOP, inbound open innovation; OT, organizational trust; mod_eff_DC, moderating effect of DC on the C-HRM–INOI relationship. *, **, *** imply that test result is significant at 95%, 99% and 99.9%, respectively