Table 1 Measurement model assessment...

Table 1

Measurement model assessment

Items	Construct (references)	λ	Factor loading	t-value	CR	AVE	Scale
Customer deviance perception (NCD) (Mayr and Teller, 2023)
In the last three months, I have observed the following behaviours in other consumers: Other customers …
NCD1	… harass other customers	0.873	0.806	39.578*	0.888	0.503	1 = strongly disagree 5 = strongly agree
NCD2	… argue with other customers		0.823	36.496
NCD8	… are impatient with employees		0.689	15.123
NCD9	… disrespect employees		0.542	11.670
NCD10	… abuse employees		0.754	31.300
NCD11	… unload emotions at employees		0.696	19.837
NCD13	… complain illegitimately at employees		0.707	19.666
NCD18	… mistreat products or store assets		0.806	24.234*
Shopper ill-being at the store (SIB) (El Hedhli et al., 2016)
SIB2	Retail stores do not play an important role in my social wellbeing	0.729	0.852	31.117*	0.844	0.644	1 = strongly disagree 5 = strongly agree
SIB4	Retail stores do not play an important role in my leisure wellbeing		0.758	19.465*
SIB6	Retail stores do not play an important role in enhancing the quality of life in my community		0.794	21.137*
Shopping experience satisfaction (SESAT) (Klaus and Maklan, 2013)
SESAT1	My feelings towards physical stores are very positive	0.895	0.853	78.615*	0.922	0.703	1 = strongly disagree 5 = strongly agree
SESAT2	I feel good about coming to physical stores for the offerings I am looking for		0.844	75.353*
SESAT3	Overall, I am satisfied with physical stores and the service they provide		0.864	91.493*
SESAT4	I feel satisfied that physical stores produce the best results that can be achieved for me		0.801	41.143*
SESAT5	The extent to which physical stores have produced the best possible outcome for me is satisfying		0.829	55.914*
Attitude towards the affective experience (AFX) (Chun et al., 2017)
AFX1	To what extent are your shopping experiences in physical stores enjoyable?	0.889	0.901	95.481	0.924	0.754	1 = not at all enjoyable 2 = very enjoyable
AFX2	To what extent is shopping in physical stores fun?		0.765	46.101*			1 = not at all fun 2 = very fun
AFX3	To what extent are your shopping experiences in physical stores good?		0.898	85.416*			1 = not at all good 2 = very good
AFX4	To what extent do you like shopping in physical stores?		0.901	92.177*			1 = very much dislike 2 = very much like
Affective commitment (AFC) (Evanschitzky et al., 2006)
AFC1	I feel that I can trust the [retailer]	0.766	0.803	49.392*	0.865	0.682	1 = very unlikely 5 = very likely
AFC2	I identify with the [retailer]		0.86	43.271*
AFC3	I feel emotionally attached to the [retailer]		0.814	58.182*
Customer purchase engagement (CEG) (Vivek et al., 2009)
Conscious attention (CEG – A)		0.926			0.937	0.598	1 = strongly disagree 5 = strongly agree
CEG1	Anything related to shopping in retail stores grabs my attention		0.811	72.195*
CEG2	I like to learn more about the retail stores where I shop		0.750	39.000*
CEG3	I pay a lot of attention to anything about shopping in retail stores		0.823	73.045*
Enthused participation (CEG – P)
CEG4	I spend a lot of my discretionary time shopping in stores		0.752	44.635*
CEG5	I am heavily into shopping in stores		0.744	44.006*
CEG6	I am passionate about shopping in stores		0.842	74.248*
CEG7	My days would not be the same without shopping in stores		0.786	51.123*
Social connection (CEG – C)
CEG8	I love shopping in stores with my friends		0.785	46.148*
CEG9	I enjoy shopping in stores more when I am with others		0.688	26.907*
CEG10	Shopping in stores is more fun when other people around me do it too		0.739	36.154*
Trust in retailer (TIR) (Tax et al., 1998)
TIR1	I believe I can trust the retailers I shop with	0.903	0.883	97.859*	0.932	0.775	1 = strongly disagree 5 = strongly agree
TIR2	I can rely on retailers I shop with		0.909	118.262*
TIR3	I believe retailers I shop with are reliable in keeping their promises		0.882	87.872*
TIR4	The retailers I shop with are likely to have high integrity		0.846	58.797*
Retail-channel-switching intention (SWI) (Pookulangara et al., 2011)
SWI1	I intend to change from physical stores to online stores for shopping	0.842	0.923	90.350*	0.927	0.863	1 = very unlikely; 6 = very likely
SWI2	I plan to change from physical stores to online stores for shopping	0.842	0.936	110.968*	0.927	0.863	1 = very unlikely; 6 = very likely

Items	Construct (references)	λ	Factor loading	t-value	CR	AVE	Scale
Customer deviance perception (NCD) (Mayr and Teller, 2023)
In the last three months, I have observed the following behaviours in other consumers: Other customers …
NCD1	… harass other customers	0.873	0.806	39.578*	0.888	0.503	1 = strongly disagree5 = strongly agree
NCD2	… argue with other customers		0.823	36.496
NCD8	… are impatient with employees		0.689	15.123
NCD9	… disrespect employees		0.542	11.670
NCD10	… abuse employees		0.754	31.300
NCD11	… unload emotions at employees		0.696	19.837
NCD13	… complain illegitimately at employees		0.707	19.666
NCD18	… mistreat products or store assets		0.806	24.234*
Shopper ill-being at the store (SIB) (El Hedhli et al., 2016)
SIB2	Retail stores do not play an important role in my social wellbeing	0.729	0.852	31.117*	0.844	0.644	1 = strongly disagree5 = strongly agree
SIB4	Retail stores do not play an important role in my leisure wellbeing		0.758	19.465*
SIB6	Retail stores do not play an important role in enhancing the quality of life in my community		0.794	21.137*
Shopping experience satisfaction (SESAT) (Klaus and Maklan, 2013)
SESAT1	My feelings towards physical stores are very positive	0.895	0.853	78.615*	0.922	0.703	1 = strongly disagree5 = strongly agree
SESAT2	I feel good about coming to physical stores for the offerings I am looking for		0.844	75.353*
SESAT3	Overall, I am satisfied with physical stores and the service they provide		0.864	91.493*
SESAT4	I feel satisfied that physical stores produce the best results that can be achieved for me		0.801	41.143*
SESAT5	The extent to which physical stores have produced the best possible outcome for me is satisfying		0.829	55.914*
Attitude towards the affective experience (AFX) (Chun et al., 2017)
AFX1	To what extent are your shopping experiences in physical stores enjoyable?	0.889	0.901	95.481	0.924	0.754	1 = not at all enjoyable2 = very enjoyable
AFX2	To what extent is shopping in physical stores fun?		0.765	46.101*			1 = not at all fun2 = very fun
AFX3	To what extent are your shopping experiences in physical stores good?		0.898	85.416*			1 = not at all good2 = very good
AFX4	To what extent do you like shopping in physical stores?		0.901	92.177*			1 = very much dislike2 = very much like
Affective commitment (AFC) (Evanschitzky et al., 2006)
AFC1	I feel that I can trust the [retailer]	0.766	0.803	49.392*	0.865	0.682	1 = very unlikely5 = very likely
AFC2	I identify with the [retailer]		0.86	43.271*
AFC3	I feel emotionally attached to the [retailer]		0.814	58.182*
Customer purchase engagement (CEG) (Vivek et al., 2009)
Conscious attention (CEG – A)		0.926			0.937	0.598	1 = strongly disagree5 = strongly agree
CEG1	Anything related to shopping in retail stores grabs my attention		0.811	72.195*
CEG2	I like to learn more about the retail stores where I shop		0.750	39.000*
CEG3	I pay a lot of attention to anything about shopping in retail stores		0.823	73.045*
Enthused participation (CEG – P)
CEG4	I spend a lot of my discretionary time shopping in stores		0.752	44.635*
CEG5	I am heavily into shopping in stores		0.744	44.006*
CEG6	I am passionate about shopping in stores		0.842	74.248*
CEG7	My days would not be the same without shopping in stores		0.786	51.123*
Social connection (CEG – C)
CEG8	I love shopping in stores with my friends		0.785	46.148*
CEG9	I enjoy shopping in stores more when I am with others		0.688	26.907*
CEG10	Shopping in stores is more fun when other people around me do it too		0.739	36.154*
Trust in retailer (TIR) (Tax et al., 1998)
TIR1	I believe I can trust the retailers I shop with	0.903	0.883	97.859*	0.932	0.775	1 = strongly disagree5 = strongly agree
TIR2	I can rely on retailers I shop with		0.909	118.262*
TIR3	I believe retailers I shop with are reliable in keeping their promises		0.882	87.872*
TIR4	The retailers I shop with are likely to have high integrity		0.846	58.797*
Retail-channel-switching intention (SWI) (Pookulangara et al., 2011)
SWI1	I intend to change from physical stores to online stores for shopping	0.842	0.923	90.350*	0.927	0.863	1 = very unlikely; 6 = very likely
SWI2	I plan to change from physical stores to online stores for shopping	0.842	0.936	110.968*	0.927	0.863	1 = very unlikely; 6 = very likely

Note(s): *All factor loadings were significant at p < 0.001; λ stands for Cronbach's alpha; CR stands for composite reliability; AVE stands for average variance extracted

Source(s): Authors own work

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