Table 2 Measurement of medicines... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Measurement of medicines stockout and improvement strategies in public health-care SCs

Type of supply chain	Measurement of medicines stockout	Medicine availability improvement strategies	Authors
Pharmaceuticals	Use of national data to track and prevent medicine shortages	Collaboration between national stakeholders	Bouvy and Rotaru (2021)
	Public-private partnerships in hospitals	Effective contract management in direct purchasing from selected and reputable vendors	Kuwawenaruwa et al. (2021)
	Price differentials between local and international sourcing	Strategies to improve pricing of medicines locally	Nakambale and Bangalee (2022)
Cold chain	Sensory networking and computer hardware to improve cold chain logistics	Affordable warehouse cold chain systems	Schon and Streit-Juotsa (2015), Shafiq et al. (2019)
Cold chain	Measures availability, stockout and storage conditions of vaccines	Intervention of top management, training and supervision of staff	Feyisa et al. (2021)
Generic medicines	Considers use of value stream map and ordering to from a supply chain wide perspective	Enhance the use of resources	Dixit et al. (2019)
Essential medicines	Dynamics of SC systems and policies that affect cost and availability of paediatric cancer medicines	Regional integration of forecasting and procurement	Boateng et al. (2021)
	Direct distribution of medicines through cross-docking to last mile	Working with political actors and stakeholders for the successful implementation of strategies	Vledder et al. (2019)
	Determine health outcomes derived from digitizing last mile medicine delivery	Deploy hospital logistics management information systems to hospitals to save children’s lives	Fritz, Herrick and Gilbert (2021)
	Measures donor fund disbursement vis-à-vis medicine procurement	Managing timing risk in disbursing fund for procurement	Gallien et al. (2017)
	Impact of COVID-19 on prices of medicine and stockout	Increased funding from government and medicine exchange collaborative efforts between hospitals	Aljadeed et al. (2021)
	Weak systems of procuring medicines	Buying from local suppliers with improved production capacity and robust contract management with the state actors	Chebolu-Subramanian and Sundarraj (2021), Magadzire et al. (2017)
	Determine optimum inventory in hospitals	Build system dynamic model for prediction, measuring and improving the SC. Maintaining safety stock and reducing supplier lead times	Kumar and Kumar (2018), Bam et al. (2017)
Sexual and reproductive medicines	Barriers to sexual and reproductive care	Strategies to reduce medicine delivery delays	Ooms et al. (2022)

Type of supply chain	Measurement of medicines stockout	Medicine availability improvement strategies	Authors
Pharmaceuticals	Use of national data to track and prevent medicine shortages	Collaboration between national stakeholders	Bouvy and Rotaru (2021)
	Public-private partnerships in hospitals	Effective contract management in direct purchasing from selected and reputable vendors	Kuwawenaruwa et al. (2021)
	Price differentials between local and international sourcing	Strategies to improve pricing of medicines locally	Nakambale and Bangalee (2022)
Cold chain	Sensory networking and computer hardware to improve cold chain logistics	Affordable warehouse cold chain systems	Schon and Streit-Juotsa (2015), Shafiq et al. (2019)
Cold chain	Measures availability, stockout and storage conditions of vaccines	Intervention of top management, training and supervision of staff	Feyisa et al. (2021)
Generic medicines	Considers use of value stream map and ordering to from a supply chain wide perspective	Enhance the use of resources	Dixit et al. (2019)
Essential medicines	Dynamics of SC systems and policies that affect cost and availability of paediatric cancer medicines	Regional integration of forecasting and procurement	Boateng et al. (2021)
	Direct distribution of medicines through cross-docking to last mile	Working with political actors and stakeholders for the successful implementation of strategies	Vledder et al. (2019)
	Determine health outcomes derived from digitizing last mile medicine delivery	Deploy hospital logistics management information systems to hospitals to save children’s lives	Fritz, Herrick and Gilbert (2021)
	Measures donor fund disbursement vis-à-vis medicine procurement	Managing timing risk in disbursing fund for procurement	Gallien et al. (2017)
	Impact of COVID-19 on prices of medicine and stockout	Increased funding from government and medicine exchange collaborative efforts between hospitals	Aljadeed et al. (2021)
	Weak systems of procuring medicines	Buying from local suppliers with improved production capacity and robust contract management with the state actors	Chebolu-Subramanian and Sundarraj (2021), Magadzire et al. (2017)
	Determine optimum inventory in hospitals	Build system dynamic model for prediction, measuring and improving the SC. Maintaining safety stock and reducing supplier lead times	Kumar and Kumar (2018), Bam et al. (2017)
Sexual and reproductive medicines	Barriers to sexual and reproductive care	Strategies to reduce medicine delivery delays	Ooms et al. (2022)