Table 1 Ranking and categorization of...

Table 1

Ranking and categorization of individual risks

Risk factors	References	Category	Frequency	Rank
1. Poor communication/lack of shared information across project teams	[4, 6, 7, 11, 12,13, 21, 30, 35, 37, 39, 40, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 58, 66, 67; 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79; 81; 83; 87; 88; 94; 96; 98; 101]	D	34	1
2. Changes in foreign currency rates/Change in inflation rate	[1, 4, 6, 10, 12, 24, 28, 30,40, 41; 80; 84; 85; 89]	B	14	2
3. Unfavorable climate conditions	[1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 15,30,41; 82; 83; 93; 94; 95; 96]	C	14	2
4. Shortage or lack of access to modern tools and equipment	[1, 4, 5–6, 7, 10, 11, 17, 29; 51; 81; 83]	E	12	4
5. Uncertainty of project scope/poor scope definition	[1, 4, 5–6, 8, 9–10, 30,43,44]	E	10	5
6. Alterations to project requirements/scope	[5, 9–10, 11, 35, 62, 63; 82; 99]	E	9	6
7. Scarcities of materials	[18, 19, 20, 28, 29, 32, 51; 58; 83]	C	9	6
8. Material price fluctuations/escalation	[1, 5, 28, 29, 31,34; 51; 63; 72]	B	9	6
9. Competing interests and concerns among project stakeholders	[25, 26, 40, 61; 94; 96; 101; 102]	D	8	9
10. Lack of qualified/skilled personnel/workforce/lack of expertise	[5, 2, 3, 30, 36, 40, 41]	E	7	10
11. Poor or Inadequate supply chain planning, scheduling and monitoring	[17, 39, 53, 55; 94; 96; 102]	D	7	10
12. Time overruns	[1, 5–6, 8, 9, 11]	D	6	12
13. Unanticipated project changes	[1, 3, 31, 35, 44; 65]	D	6	12
14. Engineering and design modifications	[5, 1, 31, 35; 65; 98]	E	6	12
15. Poor project costs estimation	[1, 4, 7,40; 63; 71]	B	6	12
16. Materials/component delivery delays	[5,27,38; 80; 82; 86]	C	6	12
17. Bribery and corruption practices	[22,40; 63; 65; 73; 91]	A	6	12
18. Late involvement of all relevant parties	[66, 68; 74; 75; 77; 79]	D	6	12
19. Societal/community concerns and project objections	[1, 2, 3, 40, 42]	A	5	19
20. Lack of social cooperation with project execution	[2, 3, 48, 49, 50]	A	5	19
21. Project cost overruns	[1, 8, 9, 15, 30]	B	5	19
22. Restrictions due to outbreak of natural pandemics or disasters	[33, 56, 57, 59, 60]	C	5	19
23. Insufficient consideration of project complexity	[1, 31, 58; 70; 71]	E	5	19
24. Cultural differences and grievances in the project	[2–3, 23, 40]	A	4	24
25. Lack of access to modern technologies	[4, 5, 31, 66]	E	4	24
26. Regulatory/legislative changes	[1, 21, 30; 81]	A	4	24
27. Shortage of client’s funding	[29; 89; 90; 97]	B	4	24
28. Lack of transparency	[4, 5, 53]	A	3	28
29. Supply chain interruption	[1, 5, 31]	C	3	28
30. Inexperience with emerging technology	[5, 7, 31]	E	3	28
31. Political resistance to project execution	[1, 2, 3]	A	3	28
32. Lack of collaboration and trust among supply chain stakeholders	[45, 46, 47]	D	3	28
33. Delay due to labor disputes	[1, 21; 100]	D	3	28
34. Changes in tax regimes	[1, 49; 81]	B	3	28
35. Delay in authorization from the appropriate authorities	[1, 6; 66]	A	3	28
36. Inefficient/Delays in the design and approval processes	[5, 66; 98]	E	3	28
37. Subcontractor incompetence	[4, 5]	E	2	37
38. Minimum wage rate adjustment	[1, 5]	A	2	37
39. Uncertain political climate	[1,17]	A	2	37
40. Project termination due to political changes	[1, 16]	A	2	37
41. Payment delays	[41; 83]	B	2	37
42. Changes in interest rate	[3; 72]	B	2	37
43. Inappropriate supplier selection methods	[66; 79]	D	2	37
44. Land acquisition difficulties	[63, 69]	A	2	37

Risk factors	References	Category	Frequency	Rank
1. Poor communication/lack of shared information across project teams	[4, 6, 7, 11, 12,13, 21, 30, 35, 37, 39, 40, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 58, 66, 67; 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79; 81; 83; 87; 88; 94; 96; 98; 101]	D	34	1
2. Changes in foreign currency rates/Change in inflation rate	[1, 4, 6, 10, 12, 24, 28, 30,40, 41; 80; 84; 85; 89]	B	14	2
3. Unfavorable climate conditions	[1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 15,30,41; 82; 83; 93; 94; 95; 96]	C	14	2
4. Shortage or lack of access to modern tools and equipment	[1, 4, 5–6, 7, 10, 11, 17, 29; 51; 81; 83]	E	12	4
5. Uncertainty of project scope/poor scope definition	[1, 4, 5–6, 8, 9–10, 30,43,44]	E	10	5
6. Alterations to project requirements/scope	[5, 9–10, 11, 35, 62, 63; 82; 99]	E	9	6
7. Scarcities of materials	[18, 19, 20, 28, 29, 32, 51; 58; 83]	C	9	6
8. Material price fluctuations/escalation	[1, 5, 28, 29, 31,34; 51; 63; 72]	B	9	6
9. Competing interests and concerns among project stakeholders	[25, 26, 40, 61; 94; 96; 101; 102]	D	8	9
10. Lack of qualified/skilled personnel/workforce/lack of expertise	[5, 2, 3, 30, 36, 40, 41]	E	7	10
11. Poor or Inadequate supply chain planning, scheduling and monitoring	[17, 39, 53, 55; 94; 96; 102]	D	7	10
12. Time overruns	[1, 5–6, 8, 9, 11]	D	6	12
13. Unanticipated project changes	[1, 3, 31, 35, 44; 65]	D	6	12
14. Engineering and design modifications	[5, 1, 31, 35; 65; 98]	E	6	12
15. Poor project costs estimation	[1, 4, 7,40; 63; 71]	B	6	12
16. Materials/component delivery delays	[5,27,38; 80; 82; 86]	C	6	12
17. Bribery and corruption practices	[22,40; 63; 65; 73; 91]	A	6	12
18. Late involvement of all relevant parties	[66, 68; 74; 75; 77; 79]	D	6	12
19. Societal/community concerns and project objections	[1, 2, 3, 40, 42]	A	5	19
20. Lack of social cooperation with project execution	[2, 3, 48, 49, 50]	A	5	19
21. Project cost overruns	[1, 8, 9, 15, 30]	B	5	19
22. Restrictions due to outbreak of natural pandemics or disasters	[33, 56, 57, 59, 60]	C	5	19
23. Insufficient consideration of project complexity	[1, 31, 58; 70; 71]	E	5	19
24. Cultural differences and grievances in the project	[2–3, 23, 40]	A	4	24
25. Lack of access to modern technologies	[4, 5, 31, 66]	E	4	24
26. Regulatory/legislative changes	[1, 21, 30; 81]	A	4	24
27. Shortage of client’s funding	[29; 89; 90; 97]	B	4	24
28. Lack of transparency	[4, 5, 53]	A	3	28
29. Supply chain interruption	[1, 5, 31]	C	3	28
30. Inexperience with emerging technology	[5, 7, 31]	E	3	28
31. Political resistance to project execution	[1, 2, 3]	A	3	28
32. Lack of collaboration and trust among supply chain stakeholders	[45, 46, 47]	D	3	28
33. Delay due to labor disputes	[1, 21; 100]	D	3	28
34. Changes in tax regimes	[1, 49; 81]	B	3	28
35. Delay in authorization from the appropriate authorities	[1, 6; 66]	A	3	28
36. Inefficient/Delays in the design and approval processes	[5, 66; 98]	E	3	28
37. Subcontractor incompetence	[4, 5]	E	2	37
38. Minimum wage rate adjustment	[1, 5]	A	2	37
39. Uncertain political climate	[1,17]	A	2	37
40. Project termination due to political changes	[1, 16]	A	2	37
41. Payment delays	[41; 83]	B	2	37
42. Changes in interest rate	[3; 72]	B	2	37
43. Inappropriate supplier selection methods	[66; 79]	D	2	37
44. Land acquisition difficulties	[63, 69]	A	2	37

Note(s): *A = Sociopolitical; B = Economic/Financial; C = Environmental; D = Management; E = Technical

Source(s): Table by authors

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