Forecast accuracy for corn, soybeans, and wheat yield using LSTM
| Corn | Soybeans | Wheat | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Horizon | Method | RMSE | MAPE(%) | RMSE | MAPE(%) | RMSE | MAPE(%) |
| h = 0 | |||||||
| LSTM | 11.243 | 6.118 | 2.482 | 4.077 | 2.742 | 4.907 | |
| (0.055) | (0.035) | (0.012) | (0.024) | (0.009) | (0.021) | ||
| CNN-LSTM | 18.808 | 8.708 | 3.922 | 6.339 | 3.646 | 5.334 | |
| (0.951) | (0.248) | (0.179) | (0.176) | (0.181) | (0.18) | ||
| ED-LSTM | 15.911 | 8.896 | 3.803 | 6.58 | 3.335 | 5.343 | |
| (0.1) | (0.065) | (0.022) | (0.053) | (0.021) | (0.044) | ||
| h = 1 | |||||||
| LSTM | 9.296 | 4.679 | 2.33 | 4.128 | 2.37 | 3.971 | |
| (0.051) | (0.031) | (0.012) | (0.025) | (0.01) | (0.022) | ||
| CNN-LSTM | 19.137 | 9.127 | 3.985 | 6.359 | 3.739 | 5.433 | |
| (0.961) | (0.262) | (0.185) | (0.185) | (0.194) | (0.178) | ||
| ED-LSTM | 16.769 | 9.221 | 4.271 | 7.662 | 3.321 | 5.373 | |
| (0.108) | (0.062) | (0.027) | (0.051) | (0.022) | (0.044) | ||
| h = 2 | |||||||
| LSTM | 8.371 | 4.021 | 1.839 | 3.397 | 2.419 | 3.993 | |
| (0.055) | (0.031) | (0.011) | (0.023) | (0.01) | (0.021) | ||
| CNN-LSTM | 18.413 | 8.462 | 3.982 | 6.098 | 3.872 | 5.71 | |
| (0.96) | (0.248) | (0.2) | (0.187) | (0.199) | (0.195) | ||
| ED-LSTM | 15.726 | 8.554 | 4.073 | 7.095 | 3.662 | 5.898 | |
| (0.113) | (0.064) | (0.028) | (0.059) | (0.024) | (0.043) | ||
| h = 3 | |||||||
| LSTM | 11.982 | 6.236 | 2.86 | 5.182 | 2.559 | 4.003 | |
| (0.067) | (0.035) | (0.012) | (0.025) | (0.012) | (0.025) | ||
| CNN-LSTM | 19.263 | 9.127 | 4.426 | 7.034 | 3.833 | 5.427 | |
| (0.931) | (0.247) | (0.194) | (0.181) | (0.197) | (0.194) | ||
| ED-LSTM | 16.948 | 9.359 | 4.493 | 8.14 | 3.748 | 6.076 | |
| (0.112) | (0.074) | (0.031) | (0.061) | (0.025) | (0.054) | ||
| h = 4 | |||||||
| LSTM | 17.211 | 9.059 | 4.303 | 7.902 | 3.227 | 5.525 | |
| (0.071) | (0.046) | (0.017) | (0.037) | (0.015) | (0.033) | ||
| CNN-LSTM | 21.896 | 10.359 | 5.197 | 8.335 | 4.331 | 6.41 | |
| (0.909) | (0.26) | (0.192) | (0.183) | (0.187) | (0.173) | ||
| ED-LSTM | 17.677 | 9.585 | 4.934 | 9.105 | 3.78 | 6.27 | |
| (0.147) | (0.084) | (0.035) | (0.068) | (0.03) | (0.052) | ||
| Corn | Soybeans | Wheat | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Horizon | Method | RMSE | MAPE(%) | RMSE | MAPE(%) | RMSE | MAPE(%) |
| LSTM | 11.243 | 6.118 | 2.482 | 4.077 | 2.742 | 4.907 | |
| (0.055) | (0.035) | (0.012) | (0.024) | (0.009) | (0.021) | ||
| CNN-LSTM | 18.808 | 8.708 | 3.922 | 6.339 | 3.646 | 5.334 | |
| (0.951) | (0.248) | (0.179) | (0.176) | (0.181) | (0.18) | ||
| ED-LSTM | 15.911 | 8.896 | 3.803 | 6.58 | 3.335 | 5.343 | |
| (0.1) | (0.065) | (0.022) | (0.053) | (0.021) | (0.044) | ||
| LSTM | 9.296 | 4.679 | 2.33 | 4.128 | 2.37 | 3.971 | |
| (0.051) | (0.031) | (0.012) | (0.025) | (0.01) | (0.022) | ||
| CNN-LSTM | 19.137 | 9.127 | 3.985 | 6.359 | 3.739 | 5.433 | |
| (0.961) | (0.262) | (0.185) | (0.185) | (0.194) | (0.178) | ||
| ED-LSTM | 16.769 | 9.221 | 4.271 | 7.662 | 3.321 | 5.373 | |
| (0.108) | (0.062) | (0.027) | (0.051) | (0.022) | (0.044) | ||
| LSTM | 8.371 | 4.021 | 1.839 | 3.397 | 2.419 | 3.993 | |
| (0.055) | (0.031) | (0.011) | (0.023) | (0.01) | (0.021) | ||
| CNN-LSTM | 18.413 | 8.462 | 3.982 | 6.098 | 3.872 | 5.71 | |
| (0.96) | (0.248) | (0.2) | (0.187) | (0.199) | (0.195) | ||
| ED-LSTM | 15.726 | 8.554 | 4.073 | 7.095 | 3.662 | 5.898 | |
| (0.113) | (0.064) | (0.028) | (0.059) | (0.024) | (0.043) | ||
| LSTM | 11.982 | 6.236 | 2.86 | 5.182 | 2.559 | 4.003 | |
| (0.067) | (0.035) | (0.012) | (0.025) | (0.012) | (0.025) | ||
| CNN-LSTM | 19.263 | 9.127 | 4.426 | 7.034 | 3.833 | 5.427 | |
| (0.931) | (0.247) | (0.194) | (0.181) | (0.197) | (0.194) | ||
| ED-LSTM | 16.948 | 9.359 | 4.493 | 8.14 | 3.748 | 6.076 | |
| (0.112) | (0.074) | (0.031) | (0.061) | (0.025) | (0.054) | ||
| LSTM | 17.211 | 9.059 | 4.303 | 7.902 | 3.227 | 5.525 | |
| (0.071) | (0.046) | (0.017) | (0.037) | (0.015) | (0.033) | ||
| CNN-LSTM | 21.896 | 10.359 | 5.197 | 8.335 | 4.331 | 6.41 | |
| (0.909) | (0.26) | (0.192) | (0.183) | (0.187) | (0.173) | ||
| ED-LSTM | 17.677 | 9.585 | 4.934 | 9.105 | 3.78 | 6.27 | |
| (0.147) | (0.084) | (0.035) | (0.068) | (0.03) | (0.052) | ||
Source(s): Created by the authors
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