Descriptive statistics of double-sorted portfolios
| Portfolio | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Std. Dev | Skew | Entropy | IV | IE | Size | CAPM alpha | FF alpha | |
| Panel A: double-sorted IV portfolios | |||||||||
| 1 (Low) | 0.84 | 0.010 | −0.018 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.063 | 12.85 | 0.87 (3.48)* | 0.90 (3.30)* |
| 2 | 0.79 | 0.020 | 0.042 | 0.16 | 0.50 | 0.052 | 12.22 | 0.80 (3.16)* | 0.80 (3.15)* |
| 3 | −1.00 | 0.035 | 0.079 | 0.13 | 0.59 | 0.045 | 9.44 | −1.34 (−2.22)** | −1.30 (−2.12)** |
| 4 | −1.23 | 0.044 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.62 | 0.036 | 9.23 | −1.41 (−2.92)* | −1.32 (−2.77)* |
| 5 (High) | −1.25 | 0.112 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.67 | 0.031 | 7.33 | −1.50 (−2.96)* | −1.24 (−2.48)* |
| 5–1 | −2.09 (−3.08)* | −2.37 (−3.22)* | −2.14 (−3.16)* | ||||||
| UMC | −0.32 (−2.25)** | −0.20 (−2.15)** | −0.23 (−2.26)* | ||||||
| Panel B: double-sorted IE portfolios | |||||||||
| 1 (Low) | 0.86 | 0.012 | 0.11 | 0.075 | 0.40 | 0.044 | 12.48 | 0.88 (3.18)* | 0.90 (3.23)* |
| 2 | 0.82 | 0.020 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.50 | 0.049 | 11.77 | 0.74 (3.16)* | 0.60 (2.89)* |
| 3 | −0.98 | 0.078 | 0.081 | 0.17 | 0.52 | 0.054 | 10.34 | −1.23 (−2.11)** | −1.06 (−1.78)*** |
| 4 | −1.18 | 0.083 | 0.071 | 0.23 | 0.64 | 0.058 | 9.09 | −1.28 (−2.18)** | −1.19 (−1.96)*** |
| 5 (High) | −1.30 | 0.090 | 0.109 | 0.27 | 0.72 | 0.066 | 7.66 | −1.38 (−2.27)** | −1.35 (−2.01)** |
| 5–1 | −2.16 (−3.20)* | −2.26 (−3.26)* | −2.25 (−3.22)* | ||||||
| UMC | −0.28 (−2.22)** | −0.20 (−2.15)** | −0.23 (−2.26)* | ||||||
| Portfolio | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Std. Dev | Skew | Entropy | Size | CAPM alpha | ||||
| 1 (Low) | 0.84 | 0.010 | −0.018 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.063 | 12.85 | 0.87 (3.48)* | 0.90 (3.30)* |
| 2 | 0.79 | 0.020 | 0.042 | 0.16 | 0.50 | 0.052 | 12.22 | 0.80 (3.16)* | 0.80 (3.15)* |
| 3 | −1.00 | 0.035 | 0.079 | 0.13 | 0.59 | 0.045 | 9.44 | −1.34 (−2.22)** | −1.30 (−2.12)** |
| 4 | −1.23 | 0.044 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.62 | 0.036 | 9.23 | −1.41 (−2.92)* | −1.32 (−2.77)* |
| 5 (High) | −1.25 | 0.112 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.67 | 0.031 | 7.33 | −1.50 (−2.96)* | −1.24 (−2.48)* |
| 5–1 | −2.09 (−3.08)* | −2.37 (−3.22)* | −2.14 (−3.16)* | ||||||
| UMC | −0.32 (−2.25)** | −0.20 (−2.15)** | −0.23 (−2.26)* | ||||||
| 1 (Low) | 0.86 | 0.012 | 0.11 | 0.075 | 0.40 | 0.044 | 12.48 | 0.88 (3.18)* | 0.90 (3.23)* |
| 2 | 0.82 | 0.020 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.50 | 0.049 | 11.77 | 0.74 (3.16)* | 0.60 (2.89)* |
| 3 | −0.98 | 0.078 | 0.081 | 0.17 | 0.52 | 0.054 | 10.34 | −1.23 (−2.11)** | −1.06 (−1.78)*** |
| 4 | −1.18 | 0.083 | 0.071 | 0.23 | 0.64 | 0.058 | 9.09 | −1.28 (−2.18)** | −1.19 (−1.96)*** |
| 5 (High) | −1.30 | 0.090 | 0.109 | 0.27 | 0.72 | 0.066 | 7.66 | −1.38 (−2.27)** | −1.35 (−2.01)** |
| 5–1 | −2.16 (−3.20)* | −2.26 (−3.26)* | −2.25 (−3.22)* | ||||||
| UMC | −0.28 (−2.22)** | −0.20 (−2.15)** | −0.23 (−2.26)* | ||||||
Note(s): This table displays detailed statistics for portfolios arranged by expected entropy and IV. Each month, from January 1988 to June 2019, we calculate the estimates using a 60-day formation period as detailed in Equations (11) and (12). is computed using a 30-day period as per Equation (8), allowing for comparison with Ang et al.’s (2006, 2009) IV analysis. Panel A shows the outcomes of sorting stocks into portfolios at each month’s end based on . Within each quintile, stocks are further divided into quintiles, and we calculate the value-weighted return for these 25 portfolios in the subsequent month (t+1). We then compute the value-weighted average across each of the five quintiles to account for the impact of expected IE. Panel B reverses the roles of and creating portfolios ranked by to control for the effects of . This panel also offers descriptive statistics for the five conditionally ranked portfolios, where Portfolio 1 contains stocks with the lowest (Panel A) or (Panel B), and Portfolio 5 includes those with the highest risk. Column 1 presents the average value-weighted returns of these portfolios over time. Columns 2 to 4 detail the standard deviation, skewness, and total entropy of the portfolio returns. Columns 5 to 7 provide the value-weighted cross-sectional averages of , , and within each portfolio. Columns 8 and 9 show the alphas and Newey and West (1987) t-statistics (in parentheses) for the CAPM and Fama-French (1993) three-factor models. The symbols *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively
Source(s): Created by the author
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