Table 8 Direct effect of research model:...

Table 8

Direct effect of research model: standardized regression weights

	Estimate	S.E.	C.R.	p
Student_Engagement ← Instructor_Involvement	0.380	0.068	5.560	***
Student_Engagement ← Time_Management	0.433	0.064	6.773	***
Student_Engagement ← Peer_Interaction	−0.068	0.073	−0.930	0.352
Student_Performance ← Student_Engagement	0.280	0.054	5.191	***

	Estimate	S.E.	C.R.	p
Student_Engagement ← Instructor_Involvement	0.380	0.068	5.560	***
Student_Engagement ← Time_Management	0.433	0.064	6.773	***
Student_Engagement ← Peer_Interaction	−0.068	0.073	−0.930	0.352
Student_Performance ← Student_Engagement	0.280	0.054	5.191	***

Note(s): **, * Significant at 1%, 5% level

S.E – An estimate of the standard error of the covariance

C.R – critical ratio obtained by covariance estimate by its standard error

Source(s): Authors’ own construct from validation 2024