Table A1.

Distribution of experiment participants

One-way ANOVA
Gender (= 1 female)Academic abilityMajors (= 1 finance and Accounting)
Frequency%MeanMeanMean
Control group16230.860.486.710.12
Experimental group 118334.860.546.770.07
Experimental group 218034.290.576.860.13
Total experiment participants525100.00   
Analysis of variance     
F  1.291.882.09
Prob. > F  0.2750.1530.125

Notes: (1) For the binary variables of gender and majors, the mean represents the proportion of experiment participants in the category equal to 1. [In relation to undergraduate majors, in the category = 0 were included: Business, Business and Law, Economics, Marketing, and Tourism]. For large samples (n > 30), Park (2009) showed that the difference between comparing means and proportions becomes negligible.

(2) Academic ability is the self-reported average mark of the academic transcript up to the time of the experiment. Grading in the Spanish system ranges from 0 (minimum) to 10 (maximum).

(3) The one-way ANOVA uses the F-statistic to test if all groups have the same mean (null hypothesis). For participants’ sociodemographic characteristics considered in the table, the p-value is greater than 0.05, so we fail to reject the null hypothesis

source: Author’s elaboration

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