The implications of AV/first responder interactions
| Category | ID | Variable | Variable type | Previous study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AV emergency response and training | ER.1 | AV traffic stops and accident response | Challenge | Goodison et al. (2020) |
| ER.2 | Interaction protocols | Challenge | Brugeman et al. (2018) | |
| ER.3 | Manufacturer training programs | Opportunity | Waymo (2023) | |
| ER.4 | Security implications | Challenge | Malik and Sun (2020); Pearl (2022) | |
| AV perceptions and acceptance | PA.1 | First responders’ lack of trust in AV technology | Challenge | Liu et al. (2023a) |
| PA.2 | Introduction of autonomous ambulances | Opportunity | Gowda et al. (2018); Das and Ghosh (2021) | |
| PA.3 | Patients’ unwillingness to ride in autonomous ambulances | Challenge | Zarkeshev and Csiszár (2019) | |
| AV technology development | TD.1 | AV and emergency vehicle interactions | Challenge | Eskenazi and Jarret (2023) |
| TD.2 | AV maneuvering algorithms | Opportunity | Obenauf et al. (2019); Parada et al. (2023) | |
| TD.3 | Autonomous first-responder vehicles | Opportunity | Kun et al. (2015) | |
| TD.4 | Programming first-responder AVs | Challenge | Kun et al. (2015) | |
| TD.5 | Mitigating first-responder occupational hazards | Opportunity | Pineles and Valles (2018) | |
| TD.6 | Public health support | Opportunity | Elayan et al. (2021); Zhao et al. (2022) | |
| TD.7 | Programming AVs to protect against cyber attacks | Challenge | Khadka et al. (2021) | |
| Laws and regulations | LR.1 | Role of the driver | Challenge | Pearah (2017) |
| LR.2 | Redefining traffic laws | Challenge | Gurney (2015) | |
| LR.3 | Personal privacy vulnerability | Challenge | Douma and Palodichuk (2012) |
| Category | ID | Variable | Variable type | Previous study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AV emergency response and training | ER.1 | AV traffic stops and accident response | Challenge | |
| ER.2 | Interaction protocols | Challenge | ||
| ER.3 | Manufacturer training programs | Opportunity | ||
| ER.4 | Security implications | Challenge | ||
| AV perceptions and acceptance | PA.1 | First responders’ lack of trust in AV technology | Challenge | |
| PA.2 | Introduction of autonomous ambulances | Opportunity | ||
| PA.3 | Patients’ unwillingness to ride in autonomous ambulances | Challenge | ||
| AV technology development | TD.1 | AV and emergency vehicle interactions | Challenge | |
| TD.2 | AV maneuvering algorithms | Opportunity | ||
| TD.3 | Autonomous first-responder vehicles | Opportunity | ||
| TD.4 | Programming first-responder AVs | Challenge | ||
| TD.5 | Mitigating first-responder occupational hazards | Opportunity | Pineles and Valles (2018) | |
| TD.6 | Public health support | Opportunity | ||
| TD.7 | Programming AVs to protect against cyber attacks | Challenge | ||
| Laws and regulations | LR.1 | Role of the driver | Challenge | |
| LR.2 | Redefining traffic laws | Challenge | ||
| LR.3 | Personal privacy vulnerability | Challenge |
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