Table 2. AV challenges and management... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2.

AV challenges and management strategies

ID	Management strategy	Relevant stakeholders	Identified variable
1	Develop local law-enforcement guidelines to inform first responders how to interact with AVs	Public officials and state transportation agencies	ER.2, ER.3, PA.1
2	Design a disengagement mechanism that is accessible outside the vehicle	Manufacturers	ER.1
3	Familiarize first responders with AVs and implement training programs	Public officials and state transportation agencies	PA.1
4	Improve AVs’ object detection and response capabilities	Manufacturers	TD.1, TD.2
5	Introduce autonomous driving systems in first-responder vehicles to alleviate the dangers of multitasking while driving	Public officials and state transportation agencies	TD.3, TD.5
6	Account for emergency vehicles’ requirements and program them accordingly	Manufacturers	PA.2, TD.4
7	Educate the general public on AV technology to prepare potential patients for the deployment of self-driving ambulances	Policymakers	PA.2, PA.3, TD.5
8	Familiarize the public with self-driving ambulances so that they can gain trust in the technology	Policymakers, manufacturers	PA.2, PA.3
9	Implement cyber investigation training programs	Law enforcement agencies	ER.4
10	Design autonomous driving systems that are protected from cyberattacks	Manufacturers	TD.7
11	Develop guidelines that set forth the illegal use of AVs	Law enforcement agencies	ER.4, LR.3
12	Define the role of the driver in the operation of an AV	Policymakers	LR.1
13	Redefine traffic violations and other laws as needed	Policymakers	LR.2
14	Introduce privacy laws to protect AV users’ confidentiality	Policymakers	LR.3

ID	Management strategy	Relevant stakeholders	Identified variable
1	Develop local law-enforcement guidelines to inform first responders how to interact with AVs	Public officials and state transportation agencies	ER.2, ER.3, PA.1
2	Design a disengagement mechanism that is accessible outside the vehicle	Manufacturers	ER.1
3	Familiarize first responders with AVs and implement training programs	Public officials and state transportation agencies	PA.1
4	Improve AVs’ object detection and response capabilities	Manufacturers	TD.1, TD.2
5	Introduce autonomous driving systems in first-responder vehicles to alleviate the dangers of multitasking while driving	Public officials and state transportation agencies	TD.3, TD.5
6	Account for emergency vehicles’ requirements and program them accordingly	Manufacturers	PA.2, TD.4
7	Educate the general public on AV technology to prepare potential patients for the deployment of self-driving ambulances	Policymakers	PA.2, PA.3, TD.5
8	Familiarize the public with self-driving ambulances so that they can gain trust in the technology	Policymakers, manufacturers	PA.2, PA.3
9	Implement cyber investigation training programs	Law enforcement agencies	ER.4
10	Design autonomous driving systems that are protected from cyberattacks	Manufacturers	TD.7
11	Develop guidelines that set forth the illegal use of AVs	Law enforcement agencies	ER.4, LR.3
12	Define the role of the driver in the operation of an AV	Policymakers	LR.1
13	Redefine traffic violations and other laws as needed	Policymakers	LR.2
14	Introduce privacy laws to protect AV users’ confidentiality	Policymakers	LR.3

Source:

Table created by the authors