Gender differences (N = 1,076)
| Variable | Categories | Men (n = 295) | Women (n = 781) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 68.1 (9.49) | 71.1 (9.9) | <0.001 | |
| Marital status | Single | 50 (16.9%) | 62 (7.9%) | <0.001 |
| Married | 159 (53.9%) | 338 (43.3%) | ||
| Widowed | 31 (10.5%) | 287 (36.7%) | ||
| Separated | 16 (5.4%) | 31 (4%) | ||
| Divorced | 39 (13.2%) | 63 (8.1%) | ||
| Education level | Illiterate | 1 (0.3%) | 26 (3.3%) | <0.001 |
| Incomplete primary education | 43 (14.6%) | 159 (20.4%) | ||
| Complete primary education | 79 (26.8%) | 251 (32.1%) | ||
| Secondary education | 75 (25.4%) | 175 (22.4%) | ||
| High school | 25 (8.5%) | 61 (7.8%) | ||
| Medium vocational training | 14 (4.7%) | 29 (3.7%) | ||
| Higher vocational training | 18 (6.1%) | 25 (3.2%) | ||
| University degree | 40 (13.6%) | 55 (7%) | ||
| Occupation | Directors and managers +10 employees | 32 (10.8%) | 37 (4.7%) | 0.004 |
| Directors and managers −10 employees | 18 (6.1%) | 50 (6.4%) | ||
| Intermediate occupations or self-employed | 44 (14.9%) | 137 (17.5%) | ||
| Supervisors and skilled technicians | 54 (18.3%) | 129 (16.5%) | ||
| Semiskilled primary sector occupations | 106 (35.9%) | 277 (35.5%) | ||
| Unskilled occupations | 41 (13.9%) | 15 (19.3%) | ||
| BMI | Underweight | 4 (1.4%) | 18 (2.3%) | 0.228 |
| Normal weight | 75 (25.4%) | 256 (32.8%) | ||
| Overweight | 142 (48.1%) | 291 (37.3%) | ||
| Obesity | 74 (25.1%) | 216 (27.7%) | ||
| Smoking | Daily | 60 (20.3%) | 94 (12%) | <0.001 |
| Yes, but not daily | 5 (1.7%) | 5 (0.6%) | ||
| Former smoker | 139 (47.1%) | 129 (16.5%) | ||
| Never smoked | 91 (30.8%) | 553 (70.8%) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | Daily or almost daily | 89 (30.2%) | 77 (9.9%) | <0.001 |
| 5–6 days per week | 5 (1.7%) | 6 (0.8%) | ||
| 3–4 days per week | 14 (4.7%) | 22 (2.8%) | ||
| 1–2 days per week | 16 (5.4%) | 60 (7.7%) | ||
| 2–3 days per month | 12 (4.1%) | 40 (5.1%) | ||
| Once a month | 11 (3.7%) | 36 (4.6%) | ||
| Less than once a month | 39 (13.2%) | 74 (9.5%) | ||
| I have quit (past 12 months) | 81 (27.5%) | 157 (20.1%) | ||
| Never consumed alcohol | 28 (9.5%) | 309 (39.6%) | ||
| Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) | I do not do any | 144 (48.8%) | 414 (53%) | 0.632 |
| Occasional | 116 (39.3%) | 275 (35.2%) | ||
| Several times per month | 14 (4.7%) | 37 (4.7%) | ||
| Several times per week | 21 (7.1%) | 55 (7%) | ||
| Depression (past 12 months) | Yes | 214 (72.5%) | 596 (76.3%) | 0.201 |
| No | 81 (27.5%) | 185 (23.7%) | ||
| Depressive severity | None | 130 (44.1%) | 283 (36.2%) | 0.068 |
| Mild | 86 (29.2%) | 269 (34.4%) | ||
| Moderate | 45 (15.3%) | 140 (17.9%) | ||
| Moderately severe | 22 (7.5%) | 56 (7.2%) | ||
| Severe | 12 (4.1%) | 33 (4.2%) | ||
| Perceived health | Very good | 9 (3.1%) | 14 (1.8%) | 0.215 |
| Good | 71 (24.1%) | 165 (21.1%) | ||
| Fair | 128 (43.4%) | 358 (45.8%) | ||
| Poor | 72 (24.4%) | 198 (25.4%) | ||
| Very poor | 15 (5.1%) | 46 (5.9%) | ||
| Difficulty performing light household tasks | None | 220 (74.6%) | 505 (64.7%) | 0.007 |
| Some | 27 (9.2%) | 106 (13.6%) | ||
| A lot | 14 (4.7%) | 89 (11.4%) | ||
| I cannot do it at all | 34 (11.5%) | 81 (10.4%) |
| Variable | Categories | Men (n = 295) | Women (n = 781) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 68.1 (9.49) | 71.1 (9.9) | <0.001 | |
| Marital status | Single | 50 (16.9%) | 62 (7.9%) | <0.001 |
| Married | 159 (53.9%) | 338 (43.3%) | ||
| Widowed | 31 (10.5%) | 287 (36.7%) | ||
| Separated | 16 (5.4%) | 31 (4%) | ||
| Divorced | 39 (13.2%) | 63 (8.1%) | ||
| Education level | Illiterate | 1 (0.3%) | 26 (3.3%) | <0.001 |
| Incomplete primary education | 43 (14.6%) | 159 (20.4%) | ||
| Complete primary education | 79 (26.8%) | 251 (32.1%) | ||
| Secondary education | 75 (25.4%) | 175 (22.4%) | ||
| High school | 25 (8.5%) | 61 (7.8%) | ||
| Medium vocational training | 14 (4.7%) | 29 (3.7%) | ||
| Higher vocational training | 18 (6.1%) | 25 (3.2%) | ||
| University degree | 40 (13.6%) | 55 (7%) | ||
| Occupation | Directors and managers +10 employees | 32 (10.8%) | 37 (4.7%) | 0.004 |
| Directors and managers −10 employees | 18 (6.1%) | 50 (6.4%) | ||
| Intermediate occupations or self-employed | 44 (14.9%) | 137 (17.5%) | ||
| Supervisors and skilled technicians | 54 (18.3%) | 129 (16.5%) | ||
| Semiskilled primary sector occupations | 106 (35.9%) | 277 (35.5%) | ||
| Unskilled occupations | 41 (13.9%) | 15 (19.3%) | ||
| BMI | Underweight | 4 (1.4%) | 18 (2.3%) | 0.228 |
| Normal weight | 75 (25.4%) | 256 (32.8%) | ||
| Overweight | 142 (48.1%) | 291 (37.3%) | ||
| Obesity | 74 (25.1%) | 216 (27.7%) | ||
| Smoking | Daily | 60 (20.3%) | 94 (12%) | <0.001 |
| Yes, but not daily | 5 (1.7%) | 5 (0.6%) | ||
| Former smoker | 139 (47.1%) | 129 (16.5%) | ||
| Never smoked | 91 (30.8%) | 553 (70.8%) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | Daily or almost daily | 89 (30.2%) | 77 (9.9%) | <0.001 |
| 5–6 days per week | 5 (1.7%) | 6 (0.8%) | ||
| 3–4 days per week | 14 (4.7%) | 22 (2.8%) | ||
| 1–2 days per week | 16 (5.4%) | 60 (7.7%) | ||
| 2–3 days per month | 12 (4.1%) | 40 (5.1%) | ||
| Once a month | 11 (3.7%) | 36 (4.6%) | ||
| Less than once a month | 39 (13.2%) | 74 (9.5%) | ||
| I have quit (past 12 months) | 81 (27.5%) | 157 (20.1%) | ||
| Never consumed alcohol | 28 (9.5%) | 309 (39.6%) | ||
| Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) | I do not do any | 144 (48.8%) | 414 (53%) | 0.632 |
| Occasional | 116 (39.3%) | 275 (35.2%) | ||
| Several times per month | 14 (4.7%) | 37 (4.7%) | ||
| Several times per week | 21 (7.1%) | 55 (7%) | ||
| Depression (past 12 months) | Yes | 214 (72.5%) | 596 (76.3%) | 0.201 |
| No | 81 (27.5%) | 185 (23.7%) | ||
| Depressive severity | None | 130 (44.1%) | 283 (36.2%) | 0.068 |
| Mild | 86 (29.2%) | 269 (34.4%) | ||
| Moderate | 45 (15.3%) | 140 (17.9%) | ||
| Moderately severe | 22 (7.5%) | 56 (7.2%) | ||
| Severe | 12 (4.1%) | 33 (4.2%) | ||
| Perceived health | Very good | 9 (3.1%) | 14 (1.8%) | 0.215 |
| Good | 71 (24.1%) | 165 (21.1%) | ||
| Fair | 128 (43.4%) | 358 (45.8%) | ||
| Poor | 72 (24.4%) | 198 (25.4%) | ||
| Very poor | 15 (5.1%) | 46 (5.9%) | ||
| Difficulty performing light household tasks | None | 220 (74.6%) | 505 (64.7%) | 0.007 |
| Some | 27 (9.2%) | 106 (13.6%) | ||
| A lot | 14 (4.7%) | 89 (11.4%) | ||
| I cannot do it at all | 34 (11.5%) | 81 (10.4%) |
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