Differences between those who have had or have not had a depressive episode in the past 12 months (N = 1076)
| Variable | Categories | Yes (n = 810) | No (n = 266) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 70.6 (9.94) | 69.4 (9.63) | 0.08 | |
| Marital status | Single | 79 (9.8%) | 33 (12.4%) | 0.418 |
| Married | 376 (46.4%) | 121 (45.5%) | ||
| Widowed | 245 (30.2%) | 73 (27.4%) | ||
| Separated | 38 (4.7%) | 9 (3.4%) | ||
| Divorced | 72 (8.9%) | 30 (11.3%) | ||
| Education level | Illiterate | 23 (2.8%) | 4 (1.5%) | 0.003 |
| Incomplete primary education | 163 (20.1%) | 39 (14.7%) | ||
| Complete primary education | 262 (32.3%) | 68 (25.6%) | ||
| Secondary education | 180 (22.2%) | 70 (26.3%) | ||
| High school | 54 (6.7%) | 32 (12%) | ||
| Medium vocational training | 35 (4.3%) | 8 (3%) | ||
| Higher vocational training | 29 (3.6%) | 14 (5.3%) | ||
| University degree | 64 (7.9%) | 31 (11.7%) | ||
| Occupation | Directors and managers +10 employees | 45 (5.6%) | 24 (9%) | 0.023 |
| Directors and managers −10 employees | 46 (5.7%) | 22 (8.3%) | ||
| Intermediate occupations or self-employed | 129 (15.9%) | 52 (19.5%) | ||
| Supervisors and skilled technicians | 150 (18.5%) | 33 (12.4%) | ||
| Semi-skilled primary sector occupations | 289 (35.7%) | 94 (35.3%) | ||
| Unskilled occupations | 151 (18.6%) | 41 (15.4%) | ||
| BMI | Underweight | 15 (1.9%) | 7 (2.6%) | 0.015 |
| Normal weight | 238 (29.4%) | 93 (35%) | ||
| Overweight | 325 (40.1%) | 108 (40.6%) | ||
| Obesity | 232 (28.6%) | 58 (21.8%) | ||
| Smoking | Daily | 114 (14.1%) | 40 (15%) | 0.012 |
| Yes, but not daily | 4 (0.5%) | 6 (2.3%) | ||
| Former smoker | 191 (23.6%) | 77 (28.9%) | ||
| Never smoked | 501 (61.9%) | 143 (53.8%) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | Daily or almost daily | 116 (14.3%) | 50 (18.8) | <0.001 |
| 5–6 days per week | 6 (0.7%) | 5 (1.9%) | ||
| 3–4 days per week | 23 (2.8) | 13 (4.9%) | ||
| 1–2 days per week | 55 (6.8%) | 21 (7.9%) | ||
| 2–3 days per month | 30 (3.7%) | 22 (8.3%) | ||
| Once a month | 35 (4.3%) | 12 (4.5%) | ||
| Less than once a month | 80 (9.9%) | 33 (12.4%) | ||
| I have quit (past 12 months) | 186 (23%) | 52 (19.5%) | ||
| Never consumed alcohol | 279 (34.4%) | 58 (21.8%) | ||
| Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) | I do not do any | 452 (55.8%) | 106 (39.8%) | <0.001 |
| Occasional | 279 (34.4%) | 112 (42.1%) | ||
| Several times per month | 30 (3.7%) | 21 (7.9%) | ||
| Several times per week | 49 (6%) | 27 (10.2%) | ||
| Depressive Severity | None | 247 (30.5%) | 166 (62.4%) | <0.001 |
| Mild | 282 (34.8%) | 73 (27.4%) | ||
| Moderate | 162 (20%) | 23 (8.6%) | ||
| Moderately severe | 74 (9.1%) | 4 (1.5%) | ||
| Severe | 45 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Perceived health | Very good | 14 (1.7%) | 9 (3.4%) | <0.001 |
| Good | 144 (17.8%) | 92 (34.6%) | ||
| Fair | 366 (45.2%) | 120 (45.1%) | ||
| Poor | 233 (28.8%) | 37 (13.9%) | ||
| Very poor | 53 (6.5%) | 8 (3%) | ||
| Difficulty performing light household tasks | None | 514 (63.5%) | 211 (79.3%) | <0.001 |
| Some | 107 (13.2%) | 26 (9.8%) | ||
| A lot | 89 (11%) | 14 (5.3%) | ||
| I cannot do it at all | 100 (12.3%) | 15 (5.6%) |
| Variable | Categories | Yes (n = 810) | No (n = 266) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 70.6 (9.94) | 69.4 (9.63) | 0.08 | |
| Marital status | Single | 79 (9.8%) | 33 (12.4%) | 0.418 |
| Married | 376 (46.4%) | 121 (45.5%) | ||
| Widowed | 245 (30.2%) | 73 (27.4%) | ||
| Separated | 38 (4.7%) | 9 (3.4%) | ||
| Divorced | 72 (8.9%) | 30 (11.3%) | ||
| Education level | Illiterate | 23 (2.8%) | 4 (1.5%) | 0.003 |
| Incomplete primary education | 163 (20.1%) | 39 (14.7%) | ||
| Complete primary education | 262 (32.3%) | 68 (25.6%) | ||
| Secondary education | 180 (22.2%) | 70 (26.3%) | ||
| High school | 54 (6.7%) | 32 (12%) | ||
| Medium vocational training | 35 (4.3%) | 8 (3%) | ||
| Higher vocational training | 29 (3.6%) | 14 (5.3%) | ||
| University degree | 64 (7.9%) | 31 (11.7%) | ||
| Occupation | Directors and managers +10 employees | 45 (5.6%) | 24 (9%) | 0.023 |
| Directors and managers −10 employees | 46 (5.7%) | 22 (8.3%) | ||
| Intermediate occupations or self-employed | 129 (15.9%) | 52 (19.5%) | ||
| Supervisors and skilled technicians | 150 (18.5%) | 33 (12.4%) | ||
| Semi-skilled primary sector occupations | 289 (35.7%) | 94 (35.3%) | ||
| Unskilled occupations | 151 (18.6%) | 41 (15.4%) | ||
| BMI | Underweight | 15 (1.9%) | 7 (2.6%) | 0.015 |
| Normal weight | 238 (29.4%) | 93 (35%) | ||
| Overweight | 325 (40.1%) | 108 (40.6%) | ||
| Obesity | 232 (28.6%) | 58 (21.8%) | ||
| Smoking | Daily | 114 (14.1%) | 40 (15%) | 0.012 |
| Yes, but not daily | 4 (0.5%) | 6 (2.3%) | ||
| Former smoker | 191 (23.6%) | 77 (28.9%) | ||
| Never smoked | 501 (61.9%) | 143 (53.8%) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | Daily or almost daily | 116 (14.3%) | 50 (18.8) | <0.001 |
| 5–6 days per week | 6 (0.7%) | 5 (1.9%) | ||
| 3–4 days per week | 23 (2.8) | 13 (4.9%) | ||
| 1–2 days per week | 55 (6.8%) | 21 (7.9%) | ||
| 2–3 days per month | 30 (3.7%) | 22 (8.3%) | ||
| Once a month | 35 (4.3%) | 12 (4.5%) | ||
| Less than once a month | 80 (9.9%) | 33 (12.4%) | ||
| I have quit (past 12 months) | 186 (23%) | 52 (19.5%) | ||
| Never consumed alcohol | 279 (34.4%) | 58 (21.8%) | ||
| Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) | I do not do any | 452 (55.8%) | 106 (39.8%) | <0.001 |
| Occasional | 279 (34.4%) | 112 (42.1%) | ||
| Several times per month | 30 (3.7%) | 21 (7.9%) | ||
| Several times per week | 49 (6%) | 27 (10.2%) | ||
| Depressive Severity | None | 247 (30.5%) | 166 (62.4%) | <0.001 |
| Mild | 282 (34.8%) | 73 (27.4%) | ||
| Moderate | 162 (20%) | 23 (8.6%) | ||
| Moderately severe | 74 (9.1%) | 4 (1.5%) | ||
| Severe | 45 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Perceived health | Very good | 14 (1.7%) | 9 (3.4%) | <0.001 |
| Good | 144 (17.8%) | 92 (34.6%) | ||
| Fair | 366 (45.2%) | 120 (45.1%) | ||
| Poor | 233 (28.8%) | 37 (13.9%) | ||
| Very poor | 53 (6.5%) | 8 (3%) | ||
| Difficulty performing light household tasks | None | 514 (63.5%) | 211 (79.3%) | <0.001 |
| Some | 107 (13.2%) | 26 (9.8%) | ||
| A lot | 89 (11%) | 14 (5.3%) | ||
| I cannot do it at all | 100 (12.3%) | 15 (5.6%) |
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