Table 1 Measurement Items and factor...

Table 1

Measurement Items and factor loadings

Measurement items	Mean (S.E.)	R²	St. Factor loading	Unst. Factor loading	Se
Negative disconfirmation
To what extent do you think [ESM] should mainly be used to talk about …. ^a	–	–	–	–	–
The next questions are about how you think [ESM] is currently being used. At this point, is [ESM] mainly used to talk about … ^a	–	–	–	–	–
Opportunities – Threats	0.41 (0.06)	0.43	0.659	1.000^b
Gains – Losses	0.18 (0.06)	0.38	0.619	0.893	0.09
Solutions – Problems	0.62 (0.07)	0.37	0.611	1.026	0.10
Positive events – Negative events	−0.01 (0.06)	0.29	0.541	0.826	0.09
Negativity Bias
I think communication on [ESM] is generally skewed toward the negative rather than the positive	2.76 (0.05)	0.63	0.795	1.000^b
In my opinion, communication on [ESM] is disproportionally about problems within [company]	2.71 (0.05)	0.71	0.843	1.045	0.06
I think communication on [ESM] is overflowed with obstacles	3.17 (0.06)	0.51	0.712	1.077	0.07
Accountability
I am worried that online, I appear less professional than offline	2.86 (0.05)	0.56	0.745	1.000^b
I fear that other organizational members might misinterpret my online communication	3.31 (0.07)	0.60	0.775	1.164	0.06
I am anxious about not knowing who may be viewing my online communication	2.84 (0.06)	0.76	0.869	1.253	0.06
I am worried that I will be held accountable for something I communicated online	2.97 (0.07)	0.70	0.834	1.259	0.06
Social Support
I receive help and support from my coworkers	5.82 (0.04)	0.63	0.795	1.000^b
I feel I am accepted in my workgroup	5.87 (0.04)	0.75	0.868	1.089	0.05
My coworkers are understanding if I have a bad day	5.31 (0.05)	0.51	0.712	0.997	0.05
My coworkers back me up when I need it	5.23 (0.05)	0.73	0.856	1.206	0.05
I feel comfortable with my coworkers	5.85 (0.04)	0.75	0.867	1.072	0.05

Measurement items	Mean (S.E.)	R²	St. Factor loading	Unst. Factor loading	Se
Negative disconfirmation
To what extent do you think [ESM] should mainly be used to talk about …. ^a	–	–	–	–	–
The next questions are about how you think [ESM] is currently being used. At this point, is [ESM] mainly used to talk about … ^a	–	–	–	–	–
Opportunities – Threats	0.41 (0.06)	0.43	0.659	1.000^b
Gains – Losses	0.18 (0.06)	0.38	0.619	0.893	0.09
Solutions – Problems	0.62 (0.07)	0.37	0.611	1.026	0.10
Positive events – Negative events	−0.01 (0.06)	0.29	0.541	0.826	0.09
Negativity Bias
I think communication on [ESM] is generally skewed toward the negative rather than the positive	2.76 (0.05)	0.63	0.795	1.000^b
In my opinion, communication on [ESM] is disproportionally about problems within [company]	2.71 (0.05)	0.71	0.843	1.045	0.06
I think communication on [ESM] is overflowed with obstacles	3.17 (0.06)	0.51	0.712	1.077	0.07
Accountability
I am worried that online, I appear less professional than offline	2.86 (0.05)	0.56	0.745	1.000^b
I fear that other organizational members might misinterpret my online communication	3.31 (0.07)	0.60	0.775	1.164	0.06
I am anxious about not knowing who may be viewing my online communication	2.84 (0.06)	0.76	0.869	1.253	0.06
I am worried that I will be held accountable for something I communicated online	2.97 (0.07)	0.70	0.834	1.259	0.06
Social Support
I receive help and support from my coworkers	5.82 (0.04)	0.63	0.795	1.000^b
I feel I am accepted in my workgroup	5.87 (0.04)	0.75	0.868	1.089	0.05
My coworkers are understanding if I have a bad day	5.31 (0.05)	0.51	0.712	0.997	0.05
My coworkers back me up when I need it	5.23 (0.05)	0.73	0.856	1.206	0.05
I feel comfortable with my coworkers	5.85 (0.04)	0.75	0.867	1.072	0.05

Note(s): All factor loadings are significant at p < 0.05. ^aThese statements represent the prompts to inquire about expectations and usage perceptions. The factor loadings are based on the difference scores taken from the semantic differentials listed here. ^bUnit loading indicator constrained to 1

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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