Table 2 Summary of Type II literature on...

Table 2

Summary of Type II literature on VTs employing the IMO theoretical framework (Reviews and Meta-analyses)

Study	Theory	Method/Sample	Input	Process/Emergent state (mediator)	Outcome	Important findings
Klotz et al. (2014)	IMO	LR of new venture teams (42 empirical articles)	–	–	–	Role of affect in NVTs; how team climates emerge and how these climates affect team performance
Yang (2014)	IMO	LR	Membership-based swift trust	Team member exchange – (dis)confirmation, emotions, process-based trust	Team outcomes	A framework for understanding the role of (dis)confirmation and subsequent emotions during the process of trust update and of team development
Coultas et al. (2014)	IMO	LR of 259 articles	–	–	–	Better measurement of emergent states using an evolved construct or relevant item wordings
Rosen et al. (2015)	IMO	LR of teamwork literature within healthcare	Team composition, characteristics, context	Action, transition, interpersonal processes	Effectiveness, learning outcomes	Contribution of sensor-based measurement for improving organizational learning in healthcare
Maynard et al. (2015)	IMO	LR of team adaptation literature	Team adaptability	Team adaptation	Adaptive performance	A team's adaptation process is impacted by the type and severity of the disruption or trigger that gives rise to the need for adaptation
Courtright et al. (2015)	IMO	Meta-analysis on task and outcome interdependence with 262 articles	Structural task and outcome interdependence	Team functioning	Team performance	Task and outcome inter dependence are conceptually distinct and have differential effects on team performance
Maloney et al. (2016)	IMO	LR of field research on teams (published 2004–2013) 271 articles	Team external context as “input”	Team external context as “mediator”	Team external context as “output”	Guidelines to improve contextualization and avenues to explore context theorising in work teams
Dulebohn and Hoch (2017)	IMO	LR	–	–	–	Two levels of outcomes – first, team level (such as team performance); second, individual outcomes (such as satisfaction, commitment)
Schulze and Krumm (2017)	IMO	LR	Team member KSAOs; personality traits	Team mediators such as trust	–	Derive an integrative framework of virtual teamwork to address virtuality-related challenges
Rosen et al. (2018)	IMO	LR of empirical and narrative reviews in health care (published 2000 and 2017)	Team member attributes, team structure, organisational context	Interpersonal processes; affective and cognitive emergent states	Team member wellbeing; staff retention; financial outcomes	Improve teamwork among health care workers to manage workforce challenges
Takács and Juhász (2018)	IMO and theory of human performance	Conceptual integrative model	Team adaptation (Trigger)	Adaptation (Task execution and team mental models)	Standard performance and group efficacy	Adaptation (performance and collective efficacy)
Shuffler et al. (2018)	IMO	LR of articles on TDI (514 articles)	Team inputs (such as task analysis, work designs, and team charters)	Performance monitoring and assessment	Team debriefs	Distinguishing features that make for an effective TDI
Handke et al. (2021)	IMOI	Conceptual integrative model	Team virtuality, familiarity, design	Team Process, perceived virtuality	Task performance, satisfaction	Individual characteristics converge into a team-level property
Handke et al. (2022)	IMO	LR of 59 studies published between 1991 and 2020	Team input feedback	Team mediator feedback	Team output feedback	Virtual teams benefit from performance-related feedback that targets the entire team

Study	Theory	Method/Sample	Input	Process/Emergent state (mediator)	Outcome	Important findings
Klotz et al. (2014)	IMO	LR of new venture teams (42 empirical articles)	–	–	–	Role of affect in NVTs; how team climates emerge and how these climates affect team performance
Yang (2014)	IMO	LR	Membership-based swift trust	Team member exchange – (dis)confirmation, emotions, process-based trust	Team outcomes	A framework for understanding the role of (dis)confirmation and subsequent emotions during the process of trust update and of team development
Coultas et al. (2014)	IMO	LR of 259 articles	–	–	–	Better measurement of emergent states using an evolved construct or relevant item wordings
Rosen et al. (2015)	IMO	LR of teamwork literature within healthcare	Team composition, characteristics, context	Action, transition, interpersonal processes	Effectiveness, learning outcomes	Contribution of sensor-based measurement for improving organizational learning in healthcare
Maynard et al. (2015)	IMO	LR of team adaptation literature	Team adaptability	Team adaptation	Adaptive performance	A team's adaptation process is impacted by the type and severity of the disruption or trigger that gives rise to the need for adaptation
Courtright et al. (2015)	IMO	Meta-analysis on task and outcome interdependence with 262 articles	Structural task and outcome interdependence	Team functioning	Team performance	Task and outcome inter dependence are conceptually distinct and have differential effects on team performance
Maloney et al. (2016)	IMO	LR of field research on teams (published 2004–2013) 271 articles	Team external context as “input”	Team external context as “mediator”	Team external context as “output”	Guidelines to improve contextualization and avenues to explore context theorising in work teams
Dulebohn and Hoch (2017)	IMO	LR	–	–	–	Two levels of outcomes – first, team level (such as team performance); second, individual outcomes (such as satisfaction, commitment)
Schulze and Krumm (2017)	IMO	LR	Team member KSAOs; personality traits	Team mediators such as trust	–	Derive an integrative framework of virtual teamwork to address virtuality-related challenges
Rosen et al. (2018)	IMO	LR of empirical and narrative reviews in health care (published 2000 and 2017)	Team member attributes, team structure, organisational context	Interpersonal processes; affective and cognitive emergent states	Team member wellbeing; staff retention; financial outcomes	Improve teamwork among health care workers to manage workforce challenges
Takács and Juhász (2018)	IMO and theory of human performance	Conceptual integrative model	Team adaptation (Trigger)	Adaptation (Task execution and team mental models)	Standard performance and group efficacy	Adaptation (performance and collective efficacy)
Shuffler et al. (2018)	IMO	LR of articles on TDI (514 articles)	Team inputs (such as task analysis, work designs, and team charters)	Performance monitoring and assessment	Team debriefs	Distinguishing features that make for an effective TDI
Handke et al. (2021)	IMOI	Conceptual integrative model	Team virtuality, familiarity, design	Team Process, perceived virtuality	Task performance, satisfaction	Individual characteristics converge into a team-level property
Handke et al. (2022)	IMO	LR of 59 studies published between 1991 and 2020	Team input feedback	Team mediator feedback	Team output feedback	Virtual teams benefit from performance-related feedback that targets the entire team

Note(s): IMO = Input–mediator–output; IMOI = Input–mediator–output–input; AST = Adaptive Structuration Theory; MST = Media Synchronicity Theory; MIP-G = Motivational information processing in groups theory; SIP= Social information processing theory; LR= Literature Review; NVT = new venture teams; KSAO = appropriate knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics; TDI = team development intervention

Source(s): Author's own creation

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