Table 1 Control variables Variables... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Control variables

Variables	Description	Operation	Source	Vector
GDPpc	Gross Domestic Product per capita	$\frac{G r o s s D o m e s t i c P r o d u c t_{j}}{P o p u l a t i o n_{j}}$	IBGE	Regions_j
Population	Micro-regions population	Population_j	IBGE	Regions_j
Region productivity	Average between micro-region’s salary mass and the number of formal jobs	$\frac{S a l a r y M a s s_{j}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{j}}$	RAIS	Regions_j
Region HC	Percentage of workers with at least an incomplete undergraduate degree in the microregion	$\frac{H i g h S k i l l e d E m p l o y m e n t_{j}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{j}} \times 100$	RAIS	Regions_j
Incentives	Percentage of municipalities with incentives to attract entrepreneurial activities	$\frac{M u n i c i p a l i t i e s w i t h I n c e n t i v e s}{T o t a l o f M u n i c i p a l i t i e s} \times 100$	MUNIC^a	Regions_j
Credit	Volume of credit operations per capita	$\frac{V o l u m e o f c r e d i t o p e r a t i o n s_{j}}{P o p u l a t i o n_{j}}$	ESTBAN^b	Regions_j
Diversity	Diversity measured by Shannon (1948)’s index	$e^{- \sum_{i = 1}^{I} \frac{E m p l o y m e n t_{j, i}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{j}} \ln (\frac{E m p l o y m e n t_{j, i}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{j}})}$	RAIS	Regions_j
Sector size	Average number of employees per establishment	$\frac{E m p l o y m e n t_{i}}{E s t a b l i s h m e n t_{i}}$	RAIS	Activities_i
Sector HC	Percentage of workers with at least an incomplete undergraduate degree in the activity	$\frac{H i g h S k i l l e d E m p l o y m e n t_{i}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{i}} \times 100$	RAIS	Activities_i
Sector productivity	Average between activity’s salary mass and the number of formal jobs	$\frac{S a l a r y M a s s_{i}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{i}}$	RAIS	Activities_i
CL	Spatial concentration of activity measured by the coefficient of localization (Florence, 1948)	$\frac{1}{2} \sum_{j} \|\frac{E m p l o y m e n t_{i, j}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{i}} - \frac{E m p l o y m e n t_{j}}{E m p l o y m e n t}\|$	RAIS	Activities_i

Variables	Description	Operation	Source	Vector
GDPpc	Gross Domestic Product per capita	$\frac{G r o s s D o m e s t i c P r o d u c t_{j}}{P o p u l a t i o n_{j}}$	IBGE	Regions_j
Population	Micro-regions population	Population_j	IBGE	Regions_j
Region productivity	Average between micro-region’s salary mass and the number of formal jobs	$\frac{S a l a r y M a s s_{j}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{j}}$	RAIS	Regions_j
Region HC	Percentage of workers with at least an incomplete undergraduate degree in the microregion	$\frac{H i g h S k i l l e d E m p l o y m e n t_{j}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{j}} \times 100$	RAIS	Regions_j
Incentives	Percentage of municipalities with incentives to attract entrepreneurial activities	$\frac{M u n i c i p a l i t i e s w i t h I n c e n t i v e s}{T o t a l o f M u n i c i p a l i t i e s} \times 100$	MUNIC^a	Regions_j
Credit	Volume of credit operations per capita	$\frac{V o l u m e o f c r e d i t o p e r a t i o n s_{j}}{P o p u l a t i o n_{j}}$	ESTBAN^b	Regions_j
Diversity	Diversity measured by Shannon (1948)’s index	$e^{- \sum_{i = 1}^{I} \frac{E m p l o y m e n t_{j, i}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{j}} \ln (\frac{E m p l o y m e n t_{j, i}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{j}})}$	RAIS	Regions_j
Sector size	Average number of employees per establishment	$\frac{E m p l o y m e n t_{i}}{E s t a b l i s h m e n t_{i}}$	RAIS	Activities_i
Sector HC	Percentage of workers with at least an incomplete undergraduate degree in the activity	$\frac{H i g h S k i l l e d E m p l o y m e n t_{i}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{i}} \times 100$	RAIS	Activities_i
Sector productivity	Average between activity’s salary mass and the number of formal jobs	$\frac{S a l a r y M a s s_{i}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{i}}$	RAIS	Activities_i
CL	Spatial concentration of activity measured by the coefficient of localization (Florence, 1948)	$\frac{1}{2} \sum_{j} \|\frac{E m p l o y m e n t_{i, j}}{E m p l o y m e n t_{i}} - \frac{E m p l o y m e n t_{j}}{E m p l o y m e n t}\|$	RAIS	Activities_i

Note(s): ^aMunicipal Basic Information Survey (MUNIC) conducted by IBGE

^bMonthly Banking Statistics by Municipality (ESTBAN) provided by the Central Bank

Source(s): Own elaboration