Table 2 Emergence of new activities in...

Table 2

Emergence of new activities in Brazilian microregions (2009–2019)

	Dependent variable
	Entry
	OLS	OLS	OLS	OLS	Logit	Probit
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Relatedness density	0.409^***			0.646^***	9.839^***	4.931^***
Relatedness density	(0.018)			(0.029)	(0.626)	(0.285)
PCI	−0.098^***			−0.049^**	−2.235^***	−1.045^***
PCI	(0.016)			(0.019)	(0.426)	(0.205)
Diversity		0.012^***		−0.005^***	0.055^*	0.020
Diversity		(0.001)		(0.001)	(0.031)	(0.014)
Log(GDPpc)		0.001		−0.002	−0.071	−0.024
Log(GDPpc)		(0.002)		(0.002)	(0.053)	(0.024)
Log(population)		0.008^***		−0.010^***	−0.218^***	−0.097^***
Log(population)		(0.001)		(0.002)	(0.039)	(0.018)
Region productivity		−0.011^***		−0.004	−0.103	−0.055
Region productivity		(0.003)		(0.003)	(0.091)	(0.041)
Region HC		0.007		−0.026^***	−0.495^**	−0.251^**
Region HC		(0.006)		(0.008)	(0.221)	(0.099)
Incentives		0.0002		0.003	0.061	0.033
Incentives		(0.002)		(0.002)	(0.053)	(0.024)
Credit		0.000		−0.000^**	−0.000^*	−0.000^*
Credit		(0.000)		(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
Sector size			−0.007^***	−0.004^***	−0.175^***	−0.076^***
Sector size			(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.029)	(0.013)
CL			−0.090^***	−0.084^***	−2.047^***	−0.982^***
CL			(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.224)	(0.101)
Sector HC			−0.020^*	0.008	0.056	0.037
Sector HC			(0.012)	(0.011)	(0.245)	(0.114)
Sector productivity			−0.011^***	−0.002	−0.143^*	−0.071^**
Sector productivity			(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.076)	(0.035)
Constant	0.021^**	−0.021	0.212^***	0.254^***	2.470^***	0.893^**
Constant	(0.010)	(0.024)	(0.019)	(0.031)	(0.750)	(0.347)
Fixed effects – UF	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Fixed effects – activities	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	647,801	647,801	647,801	647,801	647,801	647,801
R2	0.044	0.032	0.033	0.049
Pseudo R2					0.12	0.12
Residual Std. Error	0.213	0.214	0.214	0.212
F-statistic	260.428^***	181.883^***	188.327^***	266.430^***

	Dependent variable
	Entry
	OLS	OLS	OLS	OLS	Logit	Probit
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Relatedness density	0.409^***			0.646^***	9.839^***	4.931^***
Relatedness density	(0.018)			(0.029)	(0.626)	(0.285)
PCI	−0.098^***			−0.049^**	−2.235^***	−1.045^***
PCI	(0.016)			(0.019)	(0.426)	(0.205)
Diversity		0.012^***		−0.005^***	0.055^*	0.020
Diversity		(0.001)		(0.001)	(0.031)	(0.014)
Log(GDPpc)		0.001		−0.002	−0.071	−0.024
Log(GDPpc)		(0.002)		(0.002)	(0.053)	(0.024)
Log(population)		0.008^***		−0.010^***	−0.218^***	−0.097^***
Log(population)		(0.001)		(0.002)	(0.039)	(0.018)
Region productivity		−0.011^***		−0.004	−0.103	−0.055
Region productivity		(0.003)		(0.003)	(0.091)	(0.041)
Region HC		0.007		−0.026^***	−0.495^**	−0.251^**
Region HC		(0.006)		(0.008)	(0.221)	(0.099)
Incentives		0.0002		0.003	0.061	0.033
Incentives		(0.002)		(0.002)	(0.053)	(0.024)
Credit		0.000		−0.000^**	−0.000^*	−0.000^*
Credit		(0.000)		(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
Sector size			−0.007^***	−0.004^***	−0.175^***	−0.076^***
Sector size			(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.029)	(0.013)
CL			−0.090^***	−0.084^***	−2.047^***	−0.982^***
CL			(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.224)	(0.101)
Sector HC			−0.020^*	0.008	0.056	0.037
Sector HC			(0.012)	(0.011)	(0.245)	(0.114)
Sector productivity			−0.011^***	−0.002	−0.143^*	−0.071^**
Sector productivity			(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.076)	(0.035)
Constant	0.021^**	−0.021	0.212^***	0.254^***	2.470^***	0.893^**
Constant	(0.010)	(0.024)	(0.019)	(0.031)	(0.750)	(0.347)
Fixed effects – UF	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Fixed effects – activities	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	647,801	647,801	647,801	647,801	647,801	647,801
R2	0.044	0.032	0.033	0.049
Pseudo R2					0.12	0.12
Residual Std. Error	0.213	0.214	0.214	0.212
F-statistic	260.428^***	181.883^***	188.327^***	266.430^***

Note(s): ^*p $<$ 0.1; ^**p $<$ 0.05; ^***p $<$ 0.01

Robust standard-errors (clustered at the micro-region and activity level) are in parentheses

Initial periods (t) are 2009 and 2014 and final (t+5) 2014 and 2019

Source(s): Own elaboration

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